家族性高胆固醇血症（FH）是一种常染色体显性遗传的脂质代谢障碍疾病，由于FH早期就可引起动脉粥样 硬化病变，增加患者严重心血管疾病的患病风险和死亡风险，因此目前越来越强调患者自儿童期就使用他汀类药物进行 治疗，以改善远期预后。文章综述他汀类药物治疗儿童FH的必要性、有效性和安全性，同时也提出目前存在的一些问题 和思考。

　Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disorder of lipid metabolism. Because the early FH can cause atherosclerosis, the morbid and mortality of severe cardiovascular disease are increased in patients. Thus more and more emphasis has been put on treatment with statin since childhood so as to improve the long-term prognosis. This article reviews the necessity, effectiveness and safety of statins in the treatment of FH in children, and also presents some existing problems and thoughts.