目的　分析儿童麻疹的流行病学和临床特征。方法　采用描述性统计方法，回顾分析2008至2015年3 431例 麻疹患儿的临床资料。结果　儿童麻疹发病3~4年出现一个流行高峰，2009、2013和2015年均出现发病高峰。3~5月份为 高发季节。儿童麻疹发病年龄主要集中在1岁以内， 8个月内婴儿麻疹发病趋势随着月龄逐月增加；临床表现仍以典型症 状为主，主要为发热、皮疹、咳嗽和卡他症状等；主要并发症为肺炎、喉炎和心功能不全。结论　临床需加强对麻疹的早期 识别能力及并发症的诊断和治疗。

Objective　To analyze the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of the children with measles. Methods　Retrospectively analyzed methods were applied to analyze the timing, and season of the break, age distribution, clinical manifestations and major complications of 3431 children with measles (<12 years) in the Second Hospital of Nanjing from 2008 to 2015. Results　It found that there was a peak incidence of measles in children each in 2009, 2013, and 2015 , peaking in March to May. Onset age of measles mainly within the first year of life, and incidence increased with age within the first 8 months. Typical clinical manifestations are mainly fever, rash, cough, and catarrhal symptoms. The main complications of measles were pneumonia, laryngitis and heart failure. Conclusions　Early diagnosis and effective treatment of the children with measles needs to be strengthened．