有核红细胞（nRBCs）系未成熟的幼稚红细胞，在年长儿童循环血中少见，但常出现在新生儿血液中，而其在 新生儿中的临床意义还不清楚。众多研究表明，许多急性和慢性刺激可以导致循环血液中nRBCs数量增加。文章综述与 nRBCs产生和释放增加有关的各种病理过程，并强调急慢性缺氧、免疫调节等对nRBCs的影响。

　Nucleated red blood cells (nRBCs) are immature red blood cells, which are rarely in circulating blood in elder children, but often present in neonatal blood. The clinical significance in neonates is unclear. Numerous studies have shown that many kinds of acute and chronic stimuli can lead to an increase in the number of nRBCs in circulating blood. This article reviews various pathological processes related to the production and release of nRBCs, and emphasizes the effects of acute and chronic hypoxia and immune regulation on it.