Abstract: 　Objective　To systematically evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in children and adolescents in China. Methods　PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, CNKI, and Wanfang database were searched from the initial build of the database to September 2016. Two researchers screened the literature based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the literatures was assessed by the AHRQ scale. The meta-analysis was performed by Stata 12.0 software. Results　Seven articles with 16 950 children and adolescents were included in the meta-analysis,. The total H. pylori infection rate in children and adolescents in China was 29% (95% CI: 0.18~0.40). The geographical distribution of H. pylori infection was significantly different. In the area with low incidence of gastric cancer, the total H.pylori infection rate in children and adolescents in China was 20% (95%CI: 0.13,0.28), in the area with high incidence of gastric cancer, the total H. pylori infection rate was 55% (95% CI: 0.21-0.89). The H. pylori infection rate was not significantly different between male and female. The H. pylori infection rates in children aged ≤1 year, ~5 years, ~10 years, ~15 years, ~18 years were 17.8%, 8%, 19%, 26%, 45% respectively, which indicate a trend of rising with the age. The risk of H. pylori infection in rural children and adolescents is 1.25 times higher than that in urban. The rural children and adolescents with digestive symptoms are 2.2 times more likely to have H. pylori infection than those without digestive symptoms. Conclusions　The total infection rate of H. pylori in Chinese children and adolescents is 29% and there is significant difference in geographical distribution. The infection rate of H. pylori in the higher incidence area of gastric cancer is 2.8 times higher than that in the low incidence area of gastric cancer. However, high quality epidemiological investigation with large sample size is needed, in order to further clarify the details of H. pylori infection in children and adolescents in China.