Abstract: 　Objective　To explore the related factors of recurrent primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) in children. Method The clinical data of recurrent PNS in children were retrospectively analyzed. According to the recurrence situation, the children were divided into frequency recurrence group and non-frequency recurrence group. The differences between the two groups were analyzed. Results　Ninety-two children with recurrent PNS were enrolled, with a median age of 3.54 years and a maleto-female ratio of 3.18:1. There were 76 cases of simple type and 16 cases of nephritis type. And there were 60 Han people and 32 Hui people. There were 55 cases in the non-frequent relapses group and 37 cases in the frequent relapses group. There were differences in proteinuria elimination time, initial recurrence time, clinical type and hematuria between the two groups (all P<0.05). Cox proportional hazards multiple regression showed that the initial recurrence time (OR= 0.90, 95% CI: 0.85~0.96) and proteinuria elimination time (OR= 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00~1.01) were associated with frequent relapses of PNS (P<0.05). After making frequent relapse curves for the two variables, it was found that the frequent relapses were more likely in the children whose urine protein became negative for more than 12 days at the initial treatment and who relapsed within 7.5 months after the initial remission. Conclusion　The proteinuria elimination time and initial recurrence time may be significantly associated with frequent relapses of PNS in children.

Key words: 　primary nephrotic syndrome;　frequent relapses;　child