Abstract: Objective　To explore the risk factors of serious complications caused by foreign bodies in digestive tract in children. Method　The clinical data of 285 children under 12 years old with foreign bodies in digestive tract admitted from November 2012 to November 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the severity of complications caused by foreign bodies in digestive tract, the selected children were divided into risk group and general group for analysis and comparison. Results Among 285 children (182 males,103 females) the types of foreign bodies included coins, batteries, magnetic foreign bodies, hair, pins, screws, and so on. There were 42 cases in risk group and 243 cases in general group. There were significant differences in the percentage of esophageal foreign body retention time >24 hours, the shape of foreign bodies, the types of foreign bodies and the retention sites of foreign bodies in digestive tract between the two groups (P<0.01). These factors mentioned above were risk factors for serious complications. Conclusion　The serious complications of foreign bodies in children’s digestive tract can be reduced by correctly judging risk factors, choosing proper treatment methods and proper treatment timing.