Abstract: Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of neonatal acute kidney injury (AKI) and the risk factors affecting the prognosis of AKI. Methods The clinical data of 105 neonates who met the diagnostic criteria for AKI and had complete clinical data from January 2012 to March 2019 were reviewed. According to the treatment outcome, the neonates were divided into the improved group and the abandonment/death group, and the clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared to analyze the risk factors affecting the prognosis of neonatal AKI. Results A total of 105 neonates with AKI were included, including 48 cases in the improvement group and 57 cases in the abandon/death group. Compared with the improvement group, the birth weight of the neonates in the abandon/death group was lower, the proportion of neonates with very low birth weight was higher, the minimum urine output value was lower, the ratio of urine output < 0 . 05 ). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that urine output < 1 mL/(kg·h) and respiratory failure were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of neonatal AKI (OR=4.61, 95%CI: 1.68~12.63, P=0.003; OR=17.88, 95%CI: 5.61~56.98, P< 0 . 001 ). Conclusion The mortality of neonatal AKI is high. Oliguria and respiratory failure significantly increase the risk of poor prognosis in neonates with AKI.

Key words: acute kidney injury, prognosis, risk factor, neonate