新生儿败血症病原学特征及革兰阴性菌感染影响因素分析——基于5年临床分析

doi:10.12372/jcp.2024.23e0661

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of bacteria in neonatal sepsis and to identify the influence factor for gram-negative (G^-) bacterial infection. Methods The clinical data of patients diagnosed with neonatal sepsis admitted from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2022 were collected, and the characteristics and drug resistance of major pathogenic bacteria were analyzed. Based on the pathogenic bacteria's gram staining results, all patients were categorized into groups of gram-positive (G⁺) and G^- bacteria. The influencing factors for G^- bacterial infection were analyzed by binary logistic regression, and the value of each factor was evaluated according to the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results A total of 208 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected in 201 neonatal sepsis patients, of which 126 (60.6%) were G⁺ bacteria and 82 (39.4%) were G^- bacteria. Coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) was the most common G⁺ bacteria with high resistance to penicillin, erythromycin and oxacillin. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common G^- bacteria with high resistance to penicillins and cephalosporins. Comparing the proportion of pathogenic bacteria in different years, it was found that the proportion of G^- bacteria showed an increasing trend in the past five years. According to the results of pathogen gram staining, 201 patients were divided into G⁺ bacteria group (n=119) and G^- bacteria group (n=82). Univariate analysis and binary logistic regression analysis showed that hospital-acquired infection, white blood cell count (WBC) < 5×10⁹/L, C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) were the influential factors in differentiating G^- bacterial infection (P<0.05). The AUC of the combination of the above influencing factors for identifying G^- bacterial infection was 0.888 (95%CI: 0.840~0.936, P<0.01). Conclusions CoNS and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the main pathogens of neonatal sepsis. The proportion of G- bacterial infection showed an increasing trend from 2018 to 2022. Hospital-acquired infection, WBC<5×10⁹/L and higher CRP and PCT levels were risk factors for G^- bacterial infection. The combination of hospital-acquired infection, WBC<5×10⁹/L, CRP and PCT had high predictive value for G^- bacterial infection.

Key words: antimicrobial resistance, gram-negative bacteria, risk factor, neonatal sepsis

BIAN Zhaonan, ZHA Xinyi, ZHANG Xi, CHEN Xuting, CHEN Yanru, XU Min, ZHANG Yonghong, QIAN Jihong. Pathogenic characteristics of neonatal sepsis and influence factors of gram-negative bacterial infection: based on a 5-year retrospective clinical study[J].Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 2024, 42(3): 204-210.

Figures/Tables 6

项目	革兰阳性菌(n=119)	革兰阴性菌(n=82)	统计量	P
性别（男）[n(%)]	78（65.5）	51（62.2）	χ²=0.24	0.655
日龄[M(P₂₅~P₇₅)]/d	15（7~22）	13（8~20）	Z=0.01	0.994
早产儿[n(%)]	29（24.4）	45（54.9）	χ²=19.43	<0.01
剖宫产[n(%)]	64（53.8）	45（54.9）	χ²=0.02	0.887
出生体重[M(P₂₅~P₇₅)]/g	3 200（2 650~3 625）	2 655（1 480~3 160）	Z=5.13	<0.01
羊水污染[n(%)]	17（14.3）	5（6.1）	χ²=3.34	0.106
胎膜早破[n(%)]	10（8.4）	17（20.7）	χ²=6.35	0.019
产前激素使用[n(%)]	6（5.0）	22（26.8）	χ²=19.22	<0.01
院内感染[n(%)]	15（12.6）	47（57.3）	χ²=45.50	<0.01
N%(x±s)/%	51.1±18.9	59.2±21.2	t=2.82	<0.01
WBC[M(P₂₅~P₇₅)]/×10⁹·L^-1	10.52（8.48~14.48）	12.17（6.74~16.54）	Z=0.05	0.961
WBC<5×10⁹·L^-1[n(%)]	9（7.6）	15（18.3）	χ²=5.32	0.027
CRP[M(P₂₅~P₇₅)]/mg·L^-1	8（8~19）	52（22~86）	Z=8.16	<0.01
PCT[M(P₂₅~P₇₅)]/ng·mL^-1	0.25（0.12~1.71）	10.83（1.88~44.48）	Z=8.17	<0.01
血小板计数[M(P₂₅~P₇₅)]/×10⁹·L^-1	310（216~392）	176（98~300）	Z=4.88	<0.01
发热[n(%)]	70（58.8）	47（57.3）	χ²=0.05	0.885
皮肤黄染[n(%)]	60（50.4）	39（47.6）	χ²=0.16	0.774
水肿[n(%)]	2（1.7）	10（12.2）	χ²=7.78	<0.01
嗜睡[n(%)]	9（7.6）	3（3.7）	χ²=0.72	0.398
腹胀[n(%)]	12（10.1）	29（35.4）	χ²=19.11	<0.01
吃奶差[n(%)]	13（10.9）	4（4.9）	χ²=2.29	0.196
精神差、反应低下[n(%)]	11（9.2）	15（18.3）	χ²=3.53	0.086
呕吐[n(%)]	13（10.9）	5（6.1）	χ²=1.39	0.317
皮肤表现¹⁾[n(%)]	22（18.5）	18（22.0）	χ²=0.37	0.592
青紫[n(%)]	7（5.9）	6（7.3）	χ²=0.17	0.773
脐部异常[n(%)]	13（10.9）	2（2.4）	χ²=5.06	0.028
呼吸道、消化道出血[n(%)]	2（1.7）	8（9.8）	χ²=5.10	0.024
四肢冷、低体温[n(%)]	8（6.7）	12（14.6）	χ²=3.39	0.066
呼吸暂停、呼吸困难[n(%)]	6（5.0）	13（15.9）	χ²=6.63	0.010
心动过速[n(%)]	3（2.5）	8（9.8）	χ²=3.61	0.057

References 28

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病原菌	例数	构成比/%
革兰阳性菌	126	60.6
凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌	73	35.1
表皮葡萄球菌	52	25.0
人型葡萄球菌	11	5.3
溶血葡萄球菌	5	2.4
头状葡萄球菌	3	1.4
华纳葡萄球菌	1	0.5
沃氏葡萄球菌	1	0.5
粪肠球菌	13	6.3
屎肠球菌	12	5.8
金黄色葡萄球菌	12	5.8
无乳链球菌	10	4.8
李斯特菌	3	1.4
血链球菌	1	0.5
副血链球菌	1	0.5
弯曲芽孢杆菌	1	0.5
革兰阴性菌	82	39.4
肺炎克雷伯菌	44	21.2
大肠埃希菌	24	11.5
阴沟肠杆菌	4	1.9
产气克雷伯菌	3	1.4
鲍曼不动杆菌	2	1.0
产气肠杆菌	2	1.0
拜尔利氏不动杆菌	1	0.5
粘质沙雷菌	1	0.5
铜绿假单胞菌	1	0.5
合计	208	100

因素	β	SE	Wald χ²值	P	OR（95% CI）
院内感染	1.949	0.423	21.24	<0.001	7.019（3.065~16.076）
WBC<5×10⁹·L^-1	1.286	0.575	5.01	0.025	3.618（1.173~11.159）
CRP	0.032	0.007	19.77	<0.001	1.032（1.018~1.047）
PCT	0.033	0.014	5.74	0.017	1.034（1.006~1.062）
常量	-1.028	0.341	9.10	0.003	0.358

Pathogenic characteristics of neonatal sepsis and influence factors of gram-negative bacterial infection: based on a 5-year retrospective clinical study

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