中国儿童遗尿症疾病管理专家共识（2025年）

doi:10.12372/jcp.2025.25e0564

Abstract

Abstract:

Nocturnal enuresis is a common disease in childhood, which can be harmful to the children’s physical and psychological well-being. Standardized diagnosis and therapeutic approaches are very important for the efficacy and prognosis of enuresis. In recent years, with the accumulation of domestic and foreign clinical research evidence and the application of new diagnostic and therapeutic concepts, it is of great clinical significance to update and improve the consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of enuresis. Therefore, Chinese Cooperative Group for the Management of Pediatric Enuresis Affiliated to Pediatric Nephrology Committee of Chinese Medical Doctor Association has revised and updated the 2014 version of the "Expert Consensus on the Management of Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis in Chinese Children" based on the latest domestic and international evidence-based rationales and combined with clinical experience. The definition has been revised in accordance with international authoritative guidelines, and the diagnosis process and standardized terminology has been enhanced. The content of medical history collection has been updated to emphasize the differentiation of other diseases and comorbidities, and the recording method of the voiding diary has been revised to improve compliance. For monosymptomatic enuresis, the dosage adjustment and discontinuation plan of desmopressin have been added, and the specific dosage recommendations for second-line drug treatment have been refined. Additionally, a new section on non-monosymptomatic enuresis has been introduced, including treatment strategies and pharmacologic interventions. This consensus recommendations in a problem-oriented manner, delivering more comprehensive and structured guidance for the management of nocturnal enuresis.

Key words: nocturnal enuresis, delphi method, monosymptomatic, non-monosymptomatic, child

CLC Number:

Chinese Cooperative Group for the Management of Pediatric Enuresis Affiliated to Pediatric Nephrology Committee of Chinese Medical Doctor Association. Chinese expert consensus on management of nocturnal enuresis in children[J].Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 2025, 43(7): 483-499.

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1

Figure 1

病史	结果
儿童是否夜间睡眠中尿床（提示严重度、治疗方法及预后）	□是 □否
1. 每周尿床的夜晚数：	夜/周
2. 每晚尿床的次数：	次
3. 每晚尿床时间（大致时间）
4. 尿意-觉醒功能：①排尿完毕后仍未醒，②排尿完毕后立即觉醒，③排尿超过一半觉醒，④排尿开始即觉醒，⑤有尿意即觉醒）	选择： ①②③④⑤
5. 每晚遗尿量（可通过测量尿布增重进行计量）	g/ mL
日间下尿路症状（以下症状提示膀胱功能障碍）
1. 日间发生的漏尿（提示膀胱活动过度/非单症状性遗尿）	□是 □否
内裤上的尿渍
-排尿前	□是 □否
-排尿后	□是 □否
严重尿湿内裤（内裤非常湿）	□是 □否
漏尿频率（每日发生次数）：	次/天
每日间断或持续的漏尿	□是 □否
3岁半以后的日间尿失禁病史	□是 □否
2. 尿频（排尿次数每日≥8次）	□是 □否
3. 尿急，即突然和急迫的想要排尿（提示膀胱活动过度）	□是 □否
4. 日间排尿次数减少（<4次/日，提示排尿功能障碍）	□是 □否
5. 特殊憋尿姿势（如文森特氏屈膝礼-儿童突然停止活动，脚尖站立，双脚用力交叉或采取蹲位，脚后跟顶着会阴部) （提示排尿功能障碍）	□是 □否
6. 需按压以促进排尿	□是 □否
7. 尿流中断，或一次接一次的数次排尿（提示排尿功能障碍）	□是 □否
8. 泌尿道感染病史（常与潜在的膀胱功能障碍相关）	□是 □否
9. 疾病和/或畸形
泌尿道	□是 □否
脊髓/神经系统	□是 □否
合并症-可能预测治疗抵抗的因素
1.存在以下排便症状或病史（可预测治疗抵抗：便秘治愈可能致遗尿症的治愈）
便秘（每周排便≤3次）	□是 □否
内裤上的大便痕迹（大便失禁）	□是 □否
2.存在心理/行为/精神问题，如注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）、孤独症谱系障碍（ASD）的证据（可预测治疗抵抗）	□是 □否
注意力不易集中、注意短暂	□是 □否
活动过多	□是 □否
情绪易冲动	□是 □否
社会交往、交流障碍	□是 □否
兴趣狭窄	□是 □否
刻板重复的行为方式	□是 □否
3.运动障碍和/或学习障碍和/或精神运动发育障碍的病史(可能提示中枢神经系统病变)	□是 □否
4.睡眠问题
夜间睡眠时间
早上起床时间
是否有入睡困难，唤醒困难、多梦、白天嗜睡	□是 □否
是否有严重打鼾和/或睡眠呼吸暂停	□是 □否
饮水习惯
1. 是否常喝饮料	□是 □否摄入量及类型：
2. 晚间（睡前2~3小时内）是否饮水	□是 □否
3. 晚间（睡前2~3小时内）饮水量超过200 mL	□是 □否
4. 晚餐是否饮用牛奶或晚餐进食粥、汤类食物	□是 □否
5. 晚间是否食用有利尿作用或含水量多的水果（如西瓜等）	□是 □否
家族史和既往史
1. 遗尿家族史(包括父母、同胞及其他亲属)	□是 □否
2. 既往泌尿系感染史	□是 □否
3. 既往脊髓/泌尿系手术史	□是 □否
4. 服用影响排尿的药物（如螺内酯、呋塞米等）	□是 □否
5. 既往遗尿的治疗方式	无治疗有，治疗方式：

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Figure 2

Table 5

References 73

[1]	沈茜, 刘小梅, 姚勇, 等. 中国儿童单症状性夜遗尿疾病管理专家共识[J]. 临床儿科杂志, 2014, (10): 970-975.
	Shen Q, Liu XM, Yao Y, et al. Expert Consensus on the Management of Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis in Chinese Children[J]. Linchuang Erke Zazhi, 2014, (10): 970-975.
[2]	Wang TM, Yang SS, Tsai JD, et al. Management of nocturnal enuresis in Taiwan: Consensus statements of the Taiwan enuresis expert committee[J]. J Formos Med Assoc. 2019, 118(6):965-972.
[3]	中华医学会小儿外科学分会小儿尿动力和盆底学组和泌尿外科学组. 儿童遗尿症诊断和治疗中国专家共识[J]. 中华医学杂志, 2019, 99 (21): 1615-1620.
	The Pediatric Urodynamics and Pelvic Floor Group and the Urology Group of the Pediatric Surgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association. Chinese Expert Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of Enuresis in Children[J]. Zhonghua Yixue Zazhi, 2019, 99 (21): 1615-1620.
[4]	Austin PF, Bauer SB, Bower W, et al. The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function in children and adolescents: update report from the standardization committee of the international children's continence society[J]. J Urol, 2014, 191(6): 1863-1865. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.01.110 pmid: 24508614
[5]	Austin PF, Bauer SB, Bower W, et al. The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function in children and adolescents: Update report from the standardization committee of the International Children's Continence Society[J]. Neurourol Urodyn, 2016, 35(4): 471-481.
[6]	Nevéus T, Fonseca E, Franco I, et al. Management and treatment of nocturnal enuresis—an updated standardization document from the international children's continence society[J]. J Pediatr Urol, 2020, 16(1): 10-19.
[7]	Bastos JM Netto, Rondon AV, Lima GRMD, et al. Brazilian consensus in enuresis- recomendations for clinical practice[J]. Int Braz J Urol, 2019, 45: 889-900.
[8]	Bogaert G, Stein R, Undre S, et al. Practical recommen-dations of the eau‐espu guidelines committee for monosymptomatic enuresis—bedwetting[J]. Neurourol Urodyn, 2020, 39(2): 489-497.
[9]	The Japanese Society of Nocturnal Enuresis. Nocturnal Enuresis Clinical Practice Guidelines[M]. Tokyo: Diagnosis and Treatment Press, 2021.
[10]	Harris J, Lipson A, Dos Santos J. Evaluation and manage-ment of enuresis in the general paediatric setting[J]. Paediatr Child Health, 2023, 28(6): 362-376.
[11]	陶洋旭, 李建军. 医疗共识制订方法:德尔菲法和名义小组法[J]. 国际眼科纵览, 2021, 45(5): 369-373.
	Tao YX, Li JJ. Methods for developing medical consensus: Delphi method and nominal group technique[J]. Guoji Yanke Zonglan, 2021, 45(5): 369-373.
[12]	Karničnik K, Koren A, Kos N, et al. Prevalence and quality of life of slovenian children with primary nocturnal enuresis[J]. Int J Nephrol, 2012: 509012.
[13]	Rangel RA, Seabra CR, Ferrarez CEPF, et al. Quality of life in enuretic children[J]. Int Braz J Urol, 2021, 47(3): 535-541.
[14]	中国医师协会儿科医师分会肾脏疾病学组中国儿童遗尿疾病管理协作组. 中国5-18岁人群遗尿症患病率的横断面调查[J]. 中国循证儿科杂志, 2020, 15(02): 81-86.
	Chinese Cooperative Group for the Management of Pediatric Enuresis Affiliated to Pediatric Nephrology Committee of Chinese Medical Doctor Association. Prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years in China[J]. Zhongguo Xunzheng Erke Zazhi, 2020, 15(2): 81-86.
[15]	Zhong S, Lin X, Wang M, et al. Periaqueductal gray subregions connectivity and its association with micturition desire-awakening function[J]. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2025, 34(4): 1435-1444.
[16]	Hyams JS, Di Lorenzo C, Saps M, et al. Childhood Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Child/Adolescent[J]. Gastroenterology, 2016, 15: S0016- 5085(16)00181-5.
[17]	Vande Walle J, Rittig S, Tekgül S, et al. Enuresis: practical guidelines for primary care[J]. Br J Gen Pract, 2017, 67(660): 328-329.
[18]	Haid B, Tekgül S. Primary and secondary enuresis: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment[J]. Eur Urol Focus, 2017, 3(2-3): 198-206. doi: S2405-4569(17)30202-X pmid: 28888814
[19]	Koff SA. Estimating bladder capacity in children[J]. Urology, 1983, 21(3): 248. doi: 10.1016/0090-4295(83)90079-1 pmid: 6836800
[20]	Wang JJ, Wang DJ, Fu HD, et al. Evaluation of a new frequency-volume chart for children with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: a prospective, comparative study[J]. World J Pediatr, 2021, 17(6): 643-652
[21]	Iscan B, Ozkayın N. Evaluation of health-related quality of life and affecting factors in child with enuresis[J]. J Pediatr Urol, 2020, 16(2): 195.e1-195.e7.
[22]	Hu HJ, Zhang ZW, Liang Y, et al. Prevalence, risk factors, and psychological effects of primary nocturnal enuresis in Chinese young adults[J]. Int Neurourol J, 2021, 25(1): 84-92. doi: 10.5213/inj.2040398.149 pmid: 33819961
[23]	National Clinical Guideline Centre (UK). Nocturnal Enuresis: The Management of Bedwetting in Children and Young People[M]. London: Royal College of Physicians (UK); 2010.
[24]	Experience with the long-term use of desmopressin for nocturnal enuresis in children and adolescents[J]. BJU Int, 2002, 89(4): 420-425. doi: 10.1046/j.1464-4096.2001.01546.x pmid: 11872036
[25]	Purnomo AF, Daryanto B, Nurhadi P. Monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis treatment using alarm-therapy and desmopressin: a meta-analysis approach[J]. Med Arch, 2021, 75(6): 431-435. doi: 10.5455/medarh.2021.75.431-435 pmid: 35169370
[26]	Kamperis K, Hagstroem S, Rittig S, et al. Combination of the enuresis alarm and desmopressin: second line treatment for nocturnal enuresis[J]. J Urol, 2008, 179(3): 1128-1131. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.10.088 pmid: 18206924
[27]	Tsuji S, Kaneko K. Management of treatment-resistant nocturnal enuresis[J]. Pediatr Int, 2023, 65(1): e15573.
[28]	Liu J, Ni J, Miao Q, et al. Exploration of the optimal desmopressin treatment in children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: evidence from a Chinese cohort[J]. Front Pediatr. 2021, 8: 626083.
[29]	初梅, 曹力, 陈朝英, 等. 醋酸去氨加压素中长程疗法治疗儿童原发性单症状夜遗尿症疗效研究[J]. 中国实用儿科杂志, 2017, 32(11): 861-865.
	Chu M, Cao L, Chen ZY, et al. Efficacy of Long-term desmopressin acetate therapy for primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis in children[J]. Zhongguo Shiyong Erke Zazhi, 2017, 32(11): 861-865.
[30]	Chua ME, Silangcruz JM, Chang SJ, et al. Desmopressin withdrawal strategy for pediatric enuresis: a meta-analysis[J]. Pediatrics, 2016, 138(1): e20160495.
[31]	Marschall-Kehrel D, Harms TW. Structured desmopressin withdrawal improves response and treatment outcome for monosymptomatic enuretic children[J]. J Urol, 2009, 182(4 Suppl): 2022-2026. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.03.068 pmid: 19695616
[32]	Ohtomo Y, Umino D, Takada M, et al. Gradual tapering of desmopressin leads to better outcome in nocturnal enuresis[J]. Pediatr Int, 2015, 57(4): 656-658. doi: 10.1111/ped.12614 pmid: 25728739
[33]	Kamperis K, Van Herzeele C, Rittig S, et al. Opti-mizing response to desmopressin in patients with monosymptomatic noc turnal enuresis[J]. Pediatr Nephrol, 2017, 32(2): 217-226.
[34]	Dalrymple RA, Wacogne ID. Gradual withdrawal of desmopressin in patients with enuresis leads to fewer relapses than an abrupt withdrawal[J]. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed, 2017, 102: 335. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2017-313000 pmid: 28468819
[35]	VandeWalle J, Stockner M, Raes A, et al. Desmopressin 30 years in clinical use: a safety review[J]. Curr Drug Saf, 2007, 2(3): 232-238. pmid: 18690973
[36]	Wolfish NM, Barkin J, Gorodzinsky F, et al. The Canadian enuresis study and evaluation--short- and long-term safety and efficacy of an oral desmopressin preparation[J]. Scand J Urol Nephrol, 2003, 37(1): 22-27 pmid: 12745738
[37]	Everaert K, Hervé F, Bosch R, et al. International continence society consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of nocturia[J]. Neurourol Urodyn, 2019, 38(2): 478-498.
[38]	Lucchini B, Simonetti GD, Ceschi A, et al. Severe signs of hyponatremia secondary to desmopressin treatment for enuresis: a systematic review[J]. J Pediatr Urol, 2013, 9 (6 Pt B): 1049-1053. doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2013.02.012 pmid: 23619353
[39]	Schulman SL, Stokes A, Salzman PM. The efficacy and safety of oral desmopressin in children with primary nocturnal enuresis[J]. J Urol, 2001, 166(6): 2427-2431. pmid: 11696804
[40]	Watanabe T, Ikeda H, Ono T, et al. Comparison of wireless and wired alarm devices for nocturnal enuresis treatment[J]. Pediatr Int, 2022, 64(1): e15328.
[41]	Song P, Huang C, Wang Y, et al. Comparison of desmopressin, alarm, desmopressin plus alarm, and desmopressin plus anticholinergic agents in the management of paediatric monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: a network meta-analysis[J]. BJU Int, 2019, 123(3): 388-400. doi: 10.1111/bju.14539 pmid: 30216627
[42]	Caldwell PH, Codarini M, Stewart F, et al. Alarm interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children [DB/J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2020, 5(5): CD002911.
[43]	Austin PF, Ferguson G, Yan Y, et al. Combination therapy with desmopressin and an anticholinergic medication for nonresponders to desmopressin for monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial[J]. Pediatrics, 2008, 122(5): 1027-1032. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-3691 pmid: 18977983
[44]	Hodges SJ, Atala A. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of anticholinergic medication for nonresponders to desmopressin for monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis[J]. Curr Urol Rep, 2011, 12(1): 1-2. doi: 10.1007/s11934-010-0150-4 pmid: 20972651
[45]	Yu J, Yan Z, Zhou S, et al. Desmopressin plus anti-cholinergic agent in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis: a meta-analysis[J]. Exp Ther Med, 2017, 14(4): 2875-2884.
[46]	Cai T, Yao Y, Sun W, et al. Desmopressin in combination with anticholinergic agents in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Front Pediatr, 2023, 11: 1242777.
[47]	Ghanavati PM, Khazaeli D, Amjadzadeh M. A comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of treating primary nocturnal enuresis with solifenacin plus desmopressin, tolterodine plus desmopressin, and desmopressin alone: a randomized controlled clinical trial[J]. Int Braz J Urol, 2021, 47(1): 73-81.
[48]	Park SJ, Park JM, Pai KS, et al. Desmopressin alone versus desmopressin and an anticholinergic in the first-line treatment of primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: a multicenter study[J]. Pediatr Nephrol, 2014, 29(7): 1195-1200. doi: 10.1007/s00467-014-2751-5 pmid: 24477979
[49]	徐虹, 丁洁, 易著文. 儿童肾脏病学[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2018.
	Xu H, Ding J, Yi ZW. Pediatric Nephrology[M]. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House. 2018.
[50]	Ramsay S, Lapointe É, Bolduc S. Comprehensive overview of the available pharmacotherapy for the treatment of non-neurogenic overactive bladder in children[J]. Expert Opin Pharmacother, 2022, 23(8): 991-1002.
[51]	Van Arendonk KJ, Austin JC, Boyt MA, et al. Frequency of wetting is predictive of response to anticholinergic treatment in children with overactive bladder[J]. Urology, 2006, 67(5): 1049e54.
[52]	Gish P, Mosholder AD, Truffa M, et al. Spectrum of central anticholinergic adverse effects associated with oxybutynin: comparison of pediatric and adult cases[J]. J Pediatr, 2009, 155(3): 432e4.
[53]	Rakowska-Silska M, Jobs K, Paturej A, et al. Voiding disorders in pediatrician’s practice[J]. Clin Med Insights Pediatr, 2020, 14: 1179556520975035.
[54]	Afshar K, Dos Santos J, Blais AS, et al. Canadian Urological Association guideline for the treatment of bladder dysfunction in children.[J] Can Urol Assoc J, 2021, 15(2): 13-18.
[55]	Krhut J, Skugarevská B, Míka D, et al. Clinical utility of β3-adrenoreceptor agonists for the treatment of overactive bladder: a review of the evidence and current recommendations[J]. Res Rep Urol, 2022, 14: 167-175. doi: 10.2147/RRU.S309144 pmid: 35502186
[56]	Blais AS, Nadeau G, Moore K, et al. Prospective pilot study of mirabegron in pediatric patients with overactive bladder[J]. Eur Urol, 2016, 70(1): 9-13.
[57]	Fujinaga S, Watanabe Y, Nakagawa M. Efficacy of the novel selective b3-adrenoreceptor agonist vibegron for treatment-resistant monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis in children[J]. Int J Urol, 2020, 27(8): 693-694.
[58]	Pillai RR, Sara B. Effectiveness of bladder retraining programme on bedwetting frequency and relapse rate of children with nocturnal enuresis[J]. J Pediatr Urol, 2024, 20(4): 602.e1-602.e12.
[59]	Garcia-Fernandez A, Petros PE. A four month squatting-based pelvic exercise regime cures day/night enuresis and bowel dysfunction in children aged 7-11 years[J]. Cent European J Urol, 2020, 73(3): 307-314. doi: 10.5173/ceju.2020.0044 pmid: 33133658
[60]	Ebiloglu T, Ergin G, Irkilata HC, et al. The Biofeedback Treatment for Non-Monosymptomatic Enuresis Nocturna[J]. Neurourol Urodyn, 2016, 35(1): 58-61.
[61]	Lindström S, Fall M, Carlsson CA, et al. The neurophysiological basis of bladder inhibition in response to intravaginal electrical stimulation[J]. J Urol, 1983, 129: 405-410. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)52127-8 pmid: 6834523
[62]	Dutra MF, de Bessa J Júnior, et al. The effectiveness of parasacral transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in the treatment of monosymptomatic enuresis in children and adolescents: a systematic review[J]. Int Braz J Urol, 2024, 50(2): 136-151. doi: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2023.0618 pmid: 38386785
[63]	Mcgrath KH, Caldwell PH, Jones MP. The frequency of constipation in children with nocturnal enuresis: a comparison with parental reporting[J]. J Paediatr Child Health, 2008, 44(1-2): 19-27.
[64]	Hodges SJ, Anthony EY. Occult megarectum-a commonly unrecognized cause of enuresis[J]. Urology, 2012, 79(2): 421-424. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.10.015 pmid: 22173180
[65]	Kim JH, Lee JH, Jung AY, Lee JW. The prevalence and therapeutic effect of constipation in pediatric overactive bladder[J]. Int Neurourol J, 2011, 15(4): 206-210. doi: 10.5213/inj.2011.15.4.206 pmid: 22259734
[66]	Borch L, Hagstroem S, Bower WF, et al. Bladder and bowel dysfunction and the resolution of urinary incontinence with successful management of bowel symptoms in children[J]. Acta Paediatr, 2013, 102(5): e215-e220.
[67]	Dal Pra A, Cury FL, Souhami L. Radiation therapy and androgen deprivation in the management of high risk prostate cancer[J]. Int Braz J Urol, 2011, 37(2):161-175. pmid: 21557833
[68]	Baeyens D, Roeyers H, D'Haese L, et al. The prevalence of ADHD in children with enuresis: comparison between a tertiary and non-tertiary care sample[J]. Acta Paediatr. 2006, 95: 347-352. doi: 10.1080/08035250500434736 pmid: 16497647
[69]	Ding H, Wang M, Hu K, et al. Adenotonsillectomy can decrease enuresis and sympathetic nervous activity in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome[J]. J Pediatr Urol, 2017, 13(1): 41.e1-41.e8.
[70]	Tong C, He Q, Ho M, et al. Tuina for enuresis in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. Front Public Health, 2022, 10: 821781.
[71]	Ton G, Lin C, Ho W, et al. The effects of laser acupuncture therapy on nocturnal enuresis: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Med Acupunct, 2022, 34(4): 228-239. doi: 10.1089/acu.2022.0002 pmid: 36046465
[72]	王仲易, 杜可, 李晨, 等. 中医儿科临床诊疗指南·小儿遗尿症(修订)[J]. 中医儿科杂志, 2018, 14(1): 4-8.
	Wang ZY, Du K, Li C, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for pediatrics in traditional chinese medicine - enuresis in children (revised)[J]. Zhongyi Erke Zazhi, 2018, 14(1): 4-8.
[73]	Sharifiaghdas F, Narouie B, Ahmadzade M, et al. Urodynamic findings in children with primary refractory nocturnal enuresis: 10 years' experience of a tertiary center[J]. Health Sci Rep, 2023, 6(10): e1626. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.1626 pmid: 37829504

术语	定义
遗尿症（NE）	≥5岁，平均每月至少1次夜间不自主排尿，并持续3个月及以上
MNE	患儿仅有夜间遗尿，不伴有日间LUTS
NMNE	患儿不仅有夜间遗尿，还伴有日间LUTS
PNE	自幼遗尿，没有6个月以上的不尿床期，并除外器质性疾病
SNE	之前已经有长达6个月或更长不尿床期后又再次出现尿床
预期膀胱容量（EBC）	<12岁时计算公式为：[(年龄+1)×30]，单位mL；12~18岁为390 mL
最大排尿量（MVV）	24 h内出现的单次最大排尿量（早晨第1次排尿除外），该排尿量需在排尿日记中保持记录至少2天
夜间总尿量（TVV）	包括入睡后夜间自主或不自主的排尿量（尿布增重或夜间起床排尿量）与清晨第1次尿量之和
夜间多尿（NP）	夜间尿量超过同年龄段儿童预期膀胱容量130%
膀胱过度活动症（OAB）	一种以尿急症状为特征的症候群，可伴或不伴有急迫性尿失禁
日间LUTS	日间发生漏尿、尿频、尿急、排尿次数减少、排尿困难、尿线中断或排尿中断
漏尿	多指白天不自觉将尿液排出体外
尿频	日间排尿≥8次·d^-1
尿急	突然、意想不到和急迫的排尿
日间排尿次数减少	日间排尿<4次·d^-1
排尿困难	排尿踌躇（排尿犹豫、启动困难）、尿流速缓慢，排尿费力、需按压以促进排尿

年龄	EBC	MVV最小阈值^1）	TVV最大阈值^2）
5岁	180	117	234
6岁	210	137	273
7岁	240	156	312
8岁	270	176	351
9岁	300	195	390
10岁	330	215	429
11岁	360	234	468
12~18岁	390	254	507

年龄	女	男
4~8岁	1 000~1 400	1 000~1 400
9~13岁	1 200~2 100	1 400~2 300
14~18岁	1 400~2 500	2 100~3 200

Chinese expert consensus on management of nocturnal enuresis in children

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 10

References 73

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	WANG Yingshuo, CHEN Zhimin. Leveraging digital intelligence to enhance the diagnosis, treatment, and management of pediatric bronchial asthma [J]. Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 2025, 43(7): 500-504.
[2]	ZHAO Linchao, WANG Yingjie, JING Zhaohe, MAI Yumiao, SUN Pan, QIU Simin, NIU Hongyun, CHEN Zhiwei, DONG Pengpeng, LIU Jian. Analysis of the efficacy and prognosis of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for inherited bone marrow failure syndrome in children [J]. Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 2025, 43(7): 505-510.
[3]	ZHANG Zhiqi, XIONG Ruolan, LI Bohan, JI Qi, WANG Qingwei, LU Jun, LI Jie, XIAO Peifang, HU Shaoyan. Construction of risk prediction model for primary graft failure after umbilical cord blood transplantation in pediatric leukemia [J]. Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 2025, 43(7): 511-518.
[4]	JIANG Wenwen, LI Sitong, XU Yongsheng. Analysis on risk factors associated with false-negative results of interferon-gamma release assay in children with pulmonary tuberculosis [J]. Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 2025, 43(7): 519-524.
[5]	LI Fan, HUANG Xianjie, FAN Yazhen, ZHAO Jianchuang, CUI Chenhang, GUO Qiliang, QIAO Junying. Tocilizumab treatment for febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome in children: 2 cases report and literature review [J]. Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 2025, 43(7): 532-538.
[6]	DUAN Haolin, ZHANG Ciliu, XIONG Juan, PANG Nan, YIN Fei, PENG Jing. Clinical efficacy analysis of disease-modifying therapies for spinal muscular atrophy with SMN1 gene compound heterozygous variants [J]. Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 2025, 43(7): 543-548.
[7]	HE Shuang, XU Xin, ZHOU Xue, LIU Qian, ZHANG Lei, TIAN Jie, LYU Tiewei. Leadless cardiac pacemaker implantation via the internal jugular vein: clinical practice and reflection of a 15kg child with third-degree atrioventricular block after congenital heart surgery [J]. Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 2025, 43(7): 549-553.
[8]	LI Fen. Promoting the research and application of leadless cardiac pacemakers in children [J]. Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 2025, 43(7): 554-555.
[9]	LYU Mingjun, LUO Wen, YANG Jinxiang, LIANG Jianying, YAO Zhirong. Progress in pathogenesis and treatment of pediatric generalized pustular psoriasis [J]. Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 2025, 43(7): 556-562.
[10]	ZHANG Hongwen. Application and consideration of eculizumab in the treatment of childhood systemic lupus erythematosus [J]. Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 2025, 43(6): 403-407.
[11]	LI Qiuyu, LIU Fei, ZHAO Manli, GU Weizhong, FENG Chunyue, FU Haidong. Clinicopathological analysis of 3496 pediatric patients with renal disease: a single-center retrospective study [J]. Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 2025, 43(6): 411-417.
[12]	WANG Ruixue, WANG Runjie, LI Xiaolu, ZHANG Ting, XIAO Yongmei. Analysis of clinical characteristics, endoscopic and pathological manifestations of children with positive lactulose hydrogen-methane breath test [J]. Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 2025, 43(6): 418-425.
[13]	YUE Yang, ZHANG Zhihua, LI Mei, LIU Zhifeng, GUO Hongmei. Predictors of efficacy of infliximab induction therapy in children with Crohn's disease [J]. Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 2025, 43(6): 426-431.
[14]	XIE Lilin, XU Jinping, YAO Yonghua. Pediatric arterial ischemic stroke: a single-center retrospective study [J]. Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 2025, 43(6): 432-437.
[15]	DU Tingting, YAO Hui, CHEN Xiaohong, YANG Luhong, FENG Lifang, CHEN Xiaoqian, HU Man, LI Yakun. A study examining the association between hypopituitarism and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease following surgery for tumors in the sellar region among children [J]. Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 2025, 43(6): 438-444.