Journal of Clinical Pediatrics ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (8): 621-627.doi: 10.12372/jcp.2025.24e0231

• Clinical Report • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Anti-DPPX antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis with tic disorder as the first symptom: a case report

GUAN Qiuyue, XIE Yi, CHEN Liqing, LIU Yan()   

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, Hubei, China
  • Received:2024-03-19 Accepted:2024-08-12 Published:2025-08-15 Online:2025-07-28
  • Contact: LIU Yan E-mail:lyan3022@163.com

Abstract:

A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of a 7-year-old girl with anti-DPPX antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis who initially presented with tic-like symptoms and subsequently developed significant behavioral abnormalities and frequent urination. This case was reviewed in conjunction with previously published literature on anti-DPPX-related autoimmune encephalitis to investigate the clinical features and prognosis of this condition when tic disorders are the initial symptom, hereby enhancing pediatricians' awareness of this rare presentation. The patient was admitted due to prominent tic-like symptoms and progressively exhibited behavioral abnormalities and frequent urination. Brain MRI showed no significant abnormalities, while EEG demonstrated a slowed background rhythm. Elevated titers of anti-DPPX antibodies were detected in both serum (1∶32) and cerebrospinal fluid (1∶1), and tumor-related screening revealed no abnormalities. Following immunotherapy, her symptoms significantly improved, and no recurrence was observed during the 15-month follow-up period. A total of 37 articles were reviewed, summarizing 88 cases of anti-DPPX-related autoimmune encephalitis. However, no cases presenting with tic disorders as the initial symptom have been reported. Anti-DPPX antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis presenting with tic disorders as the initial symptom is exceedingly rare in children. In this case, immunotherapy yielded favorable results. Clinicists should be vigilant regarding the heterogeneity of this disease to avoid missed or delayed diagnoses.

Key words: tic disorders, DPPX antibody, abnormal mental behavior, frequent urination, autoimmune encephalitis

CLC Number: 

  • R72