Abstract: Fulminant myocarditis a kind of myocarditis with rapid hemodynamic compromise, diverse clinical manifestations and high mortality. Early diagnosis needs a comprehensive analysis of serum biomarkers,?electrocardiogram, and echocardiography, etc. Cardiac MRI has become a useful tool for the diagnosis of myocarditis. Traditional treatment mainly includes  supportive regime to release symptoms, antiviral treatment, and immunotherapy, which may not be effective in some critical patients. With the help of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), survival rate in children with fulminant myocarditis is greatly improved. Thus, ECMO becomes an effective means in children with fulminant myocarditis. This article aims to review the progress of diagnosis and the latest treatment of fulminant  myocarditis in children.