支气管哮喘是一种异质性疾病，可存在气道炎症、可逆性气道梗阻、气道高反应性和气道重塑。微小RNA （miRNAs）是一类转录后水平基因调节的非编码小RNA，在哮喘的发生发展中起着重要的调控作用。文章综述miRNAs 在哮喘气道炎症和气道重塑中的研究进展，以及miRNAs作为治疗哮喘新靶点的可能。

Bronchial asthma is a heterogeneous disease and could have airway inflammation, reversible airway obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness and airway remodeling. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional gene repression and play a major regulating role in the development and progression of asthma. This review summarizes the current understanding of miRNAs in the regulation of airway inflammation and airway remodeling in asthma. Furthermore, miRNAs are also shown to be targets for asthma therapy in the future.