目的　探讨儿童肾脏疾病合并可逆性后部脑病综合征（PRES）的临床特点。方法　回顾分析2015－2018年 确诊的6例肾脏疾病合并PRES患儿的临床资料，并复习相关文献。结果　6例患儿中男4例、女2例，年龄3~14岁。原发 病分别为肾病综合征2例、紫癜性肾炎2例、过敏性紫癜1例、狼疮性肾炎1例，均有激素及免疫抑制剂应用史。临床表现 均为急性起病，抽搐、意识丧失、血压升高，还有精神行为异常、呕吐、头痛、视物障碍表现。影像学表现均以可逆性白质 异常病变为特征，多位于半球后部白质。 5例患儿恢复至发病前状态， 1例死亡。结论　肾脏疾病应用激素及免疫抑制剂的 患儿易合并PRES，一般预后良好，但并非完全可逆。

Objective　To explore the clinical characteristics of renal disease with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in children. Methods　The clinical data of 6 children confirmedly diagnosed of kidney disease with PRES from 2015 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, and the relevant literature was reviewed. Results　In 6 children (4 boys; 2 girls) aged from 3 to 14 years, there were 2 cases of nephrotic syndrome. Two cases of purpura nephritis, one case of Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura and one case of lupus nephritis, All had a history of hormone and immunosuppressant therapy. Clinical manifestations included acute onset in all, convulsions, loss of consciousness, elevated blood pressure, abnormal mental behavior, vomiting, headache, and visual disorders. The imaging findings were characterized by reversible white matter abnormalities, mostly located in the posterior hemisphere. Five children recovered to their pre-morbid state and one died. Conclusions　PRES is common in children with renal disease treated with hormones and immunosuppressants, and the prognosis is generally good, but not completely reversible.