目的　评估经皮介入治疗儿童肺动脉分支狭窄的安全性和有效性。方法　回顾分析2012年1月至2017年12 月确诊并接受经皮介入治疗的40例18岁以下肺动脉分支狭窄患儿的临床资料，并比较治疗前后的情况。结果　40例患儿 中，男28例、女12例，中位年龄3.5岁（2.0~6.8岁）。6例行经皮球囊成形术，32例行经皮支架置入。无论支架置入还是球 囊成形术后，患儿收缩压压差均明显下降，狭窄段的最小直径均明显增加，右心室收缩压均明显下降，差异有统计学意义 （P<0.05）。34例支架置入患儿中位随访时间22个月（范围1~60个月），没有动脉夹层、动脉瘤形成、支架断裂或移位的迹 象；超声心动图测术后即刻跨支架压差为16.50（9.75~25.50）mmHg，随访时为23.5（16.8~34.0）mmHg，差异有统计学 意义（Z=4.02， P<0.001）。6例球囊成形患儿中位随访时间13个月（范围1~36个月）；超声心动图测术后即刻狭窄处压差 为33.0 （15.5~45.5）mmHg，随访时为36.0 （16.0~58.5）mmHg，差异无统计学意义（Z=1.83， P=0.068）。 所有患儿均无 严重不良事件。结论　经皮支架置入术和球囊成形术治疗儿童肺动脉分支狭窄的疗效可靠，安全性高。

　Objective　To explore the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous intervention for pulmonary artery branch stenosis in children. Methods　The clinical data of pulmonary artery branch stenosis in 40 children under 18 years old who were diagnosed and received percutaneous intervention from January 2012 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed and the conditions before and after treatment were compared. Results　In the 40 children (28 males and 12 females) with a median age of 3.5 years (2.0 - 6.8 years), percutaneous balloon angioplasty was performed in 6 cases and covered stent implantation was performed in 32 cases. After stent implantation or balloon angioplasty, the difference in systolic blood pressure was significantly decreased, the minimum diameter of the stenosis segment was significantly increased, and the right ventricular systolic blood pressure was significantly decreased. The differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The median follow-up time was 22 months (range 1 - 60 months) and there was no evidence of arterial dissection, aneurysm formation, stent rupture or displacement in 34 patients with stent implantation. The cross-stent differential pressure by echocardiography was 16.50 (9.75-25.50) mmHg immediately after operation and was 23.5 (16.8 - 34.0) mmHg during follow-up. The difference was statistically significant (Z=4.02， P<0.001). The median follow-up time was 13 months (range 1 - 36 months) in 6 children with balloon angioplasty. The cross-stent differential pressure by echocardiography was 33.0 (15.5 - 45.5) mmHg immediately after operation and was 36.0 (16.0- 58.5) mmHg during follow-up. The difference was not statistically significant (Z=1.83, P=0.068). There were no serious adverse events in all children. Conclusion　Both percutaneous stent implantation and balloon angioplasty are effective and safe in the treatment of pulmonary artery stenosis in children.