目的 总结儿童博卡病毒肺炎合并塑型性支气管炎的临床及影像学特征及预后。方法 回顾性分析2022年1月至2024年1月在我院确诊的13例博卡病毒肺炎合并塑型性支气管炎患儿的临床资料及随访结果。结果 共纳入13例患儿,男7例、女6例，中位年龄3.0（1.0~5.0）岁，其中≥3岁8例（61.54%），夏季入院8例（61.54%）。所有患儿均有发热、咳嗽，7例（53.85%）伴有喘息，3例有气促，平均热程（3.92±1.26）天，热峰（39.24±0.40）℃。1例合并中毒性脑病，1例有多形红斑，余无其他脏器功能损害。9例C反应蛋白（CRP）轻度升高，降钙素原（PCT）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）轻度升高。胸部CT以炎性实变为主，9例（69.23%）伴有肺不张，4例（30.77%）有少量胸腔积液，肺泡灌洗液细胞分型显示嗜酸细胞比例明显增高。所有患儿均行支气管镜下塑型物取出术，均好转出院，中位住院时间5.0（4.5~6.5）天。随访中1例出现反复喘息，后诊断为哮喘，余预后良好。结论 博卡病毒肺炎合并塑型性支气管炎夏季多见，多以高热起病，伴咳嗽喘息，CRP、PCT、LDH无显著升高，影像学以实变、肺不张为主，病程相对较短，不易合并严重的其他脏器功能损害，预后良好。

Objective To characterize the clinical and radiological features and prognosis of children with bocavirus pneumonia complicated by plastic bronchitis. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data and follow-up results of 13 children diagnosed with bocavirus pneumonia complicated with plastic bronchitis in our hospital from January 2022 to January 2024. Results A total of 13 cases were included, including 7 males and 6 females, with a median age of 3.0 (1.0-5.0) years. Eight cases (61.5%) were hospitalized during summer. All patients presented with fever and cough; 7 (53.8%) had wheezing, and 3 exhibited tachypnea. The mean duration of fever was 3.92±1.26 days, with a peak temperature of 39.24±0.40 °C. Extrapolmonary complications included one case of toxic encephalopathy and one of erythema multiforme; no other organ dysfunction was observed. Laboratory findings revealed mild elevations in C-reactive protein (CRP) in 9 patients, with PCT and LDH were slightly elevated. Chest CT predominantly showed inflammatory consolidation, with atelectasis in 9 cases (69.2%) and small pleural effusions in 4 (30.8%). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis demonstrated marked eosinophilia. All patients underwent bronchoscopic removal of intraluminal casts and improved clinically, with a median hospital stay of 5.0 (4.5-6.5) days. During follow-up, one child developed recurrent wheezing and was subsequently diagnosed with asthma; the remaining patients had favorable outcomes. Conclusion Bocavirus pneumonia complicated by plastic bronchitis in children are more frequently observed during the summer months. The disease commonly presents with high fever, cough, and wheezing, with minimal elevation in inflammatory markers such as CRP, PCT, and LDH. Radiologically, consolidation and atelectasis are the predominant findings. The disease course is relatively short, and severe multi-organ involvement is uncommon. Overall, the prognosis is favorable.