目的　评价纤维支气管镜对支气管内膜结核病的诊断价值。方法　2010年3月至2012年12月疑诊支气管内膜结核住院患儿67例，均行胸部CT及纤维支气管镜检，支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)作结核杆菌培养、荧光定量PCR、夹层杯法和病理活检。结果　经检查临床确诊支气管内膜结核50例，支气管内膜结核镜下病变部位广泛、形态多样化。支气管内膜结核患儿的BALF FQ-PCR检测阳性率为60%，夹层杯法阳性率42%，灌洗液结核菌培养阳性率20%；病理活检阳性率46%；BALF FQ-PCR联合夹层杯法检测，阳性率可提高至76%(38/50)，明显高于灌洗液结核菌培养和病理活检阳性率。结论　纤维支气管镜检查为诊断支气管内膜结核的有效手段。

Objective To assess the value of fiberobronchoscopy in the diagnosis of endobronchial tuberculosis. Methods A total of 67 children suspected of endobronchial tuberculosis in our ward from March 2010 to December 2012 had been tested by chest CT and fiberobronchoscopy, mycobacteria culture, liquid-based interlayer vessel technique and FQ-PCR from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and biopsy. Results 50 patients were clinically diagnosed as endobronchial tuberculosis. The positive rate of FQ-PCR (60%) and liquid-based interlayer vessel technique (42%) are higher than that of mycobacteria culture (20%), which showed no significant difference with biopsy. The positive rate of the combined detection (FQ-PCR and liquid-based interlayer vessel technique) is significantly higher than that of mycobacteria culture and biopsy. Conclusions Fiberobronchoscopy is effective for the diagnosis of endobronchial tuberculosis.