目的　探讨儿童颞叶难治性癫痫的病理特征。方法　回顾性分析2011年10月至2013年10月行手术治疗的38例颞叶癫痫患儿的病理资料。结果　38例患儿年龄2.5~14岁，男21例、女17例。病理诊断局灶性皮层发育不良(FCD)21例，其中FCDⅠa 1例、FCDⅠb 2例、FCDⅡa 2例、FCDⅡb 3例、FCDⅢa 5例、FCDⅢb 1例、FCDⅢc 1例、FCDⅢd 6例；微皮层发育不良3例；单纯海马硬化3例；神经系统肿瘤7例，其中胚胎发育不良性神经上皮瘤5例，星形胶质瘤2例；脑炎2例；蛛网膜囊肿2例。结论　FCD是引起儿童颞叶难治性癫痫最常见的原因，其中FCDIIId型为最常见的亚型。

Objectives　To explore the neuropathological characteristics of children with temporal intractable epilepsy. Methods　A retrospective analysis of the pathological characteristics was conducted in 38 children who underwent epilepsy surgery from December 2011 to December 2013. Results　Among 38 patients, aged 2.5-14 years, 21 boys and 17 girls, 21 cases had focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), 1 case had FCDⅠa, 2 cases had FCDⅠb, 1 case had FCDⅡa, 3 cases had FCDⅡb, 5 cases had CDⅢa, 1 case had FCDⅢb, 1 case had FCDⅢc, 6 cases had FCDⅢd. Three cases had microdysgenesis, 3 cases had simple hippocampal sclerosis, 7 cases had neoplasms, 5 cases had dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, 2 cases had astroglioma, 2 cases had encephalitis, 2 cases had arachnoid cyst. Conclusions　FCD is the most common form that causes temporal lobe intractable epilepsy in children. FCDIIId is the most common subtype in FCD.