目的 探讨儿童髋关节一过性滑膜炎（TSH）发病的时间特征，及其发病情况与气候因素之间的联系。 方法 选取2008年至2012年收治的1 401例TSH患儿的临床资料，收集同期的月平均气温、月平均气压、月平均湿度、 月平均风速、月日照总时数和月总降水量等气象资料，采用卡方-拟合优度检验分析TSH发病的时间特征，运用相关分 析和逐步线性回归方法探讨TSH发病与各气象因素的关系。结果 TSH发病以春夏季为主（P ＜ 0.001），3月份是发病 高峰（P ＜ 0.001），10月份发病数最少（P ＜ 0.001）。TSH的月发病数与月平均湿度呈负相关（r = −0.466， P ＜ 0.001），与 月平均风速、月日照总时数呈正相关（r =0.286、0.262， P均 ＜ 0.05）；逐步回归分析中只有月平均湿度对进入回归模型 （β = −0.470， P ＜ 0.001）。 结论 TSH的发病具有明显的时间周期性，在低湿度的气象条件下更容易发生。

Objective To investigate the temporal pattern of the occurrence of transient synovitis of hip (TSH) and the correlation between the prevalence and climatic factors in Chongqing, China. Methods A total of 1401 cases of hospitalized children with TSH at Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between 2008 and 2013 were selected. Related climatic data consisting of air temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, wind velocity, sunshine duration, and precipitation in Chongqing were collected. Chi-square fitting test and multiple linear regression were used to test the temporal pattern of the occurrence of THS and the correlation between meteorological factors and the prevalence of TSH. Results Incidence of TSH was mainly occurred during spring and summer (P = 0.000), with a peak in March and a trough in October. TSH occurrence was negatively correlated with mean humidity per month (r =-0.466, P=0.000), and positively correlated with mean wind velocity and sum of sunshine per month (P =0.000, P =0.006, P =0.007). Stepwise regression analysis showed that only mean humidity per month fitted into a linear model (R2=0.229, P =0.000). Conclusions From 2008 to 2012, the prevalence of TSH in Chongqing showed seasonal and monthly periodicity. And the occurrence of TSH is correlated with climatic factors, particularly humidity.