目的 探讨儿童血管相关性咯血的临床特点及围术期程序性诊治方法。方法 回顾性分析16例血管相关性 咯血患儿的临床资料及影像学特点，并对其治疗方案及治疗效果进行随访和评价。结果 16例患儿中男4例、女12例，<1 岁3例、 5～13岁13例。经血管造影明确为主肺侧支循环13例（81.25%）、肺动静脉瘘1例（6.25%）、支气管动脉肺血管瘘 1例（6.25%），另1例未明确诊断血管类型。11例患儿行介入封堵治疗， 1例行胸腔镜下异常血管结扎术， 1例行部分肺叶 切除术， 3例放弃治疗。11例介入封堵治疗患儿，封堵术后即时造影， 2例可见少许分流； 3例封堵术1年内咯血复发，均为 主动脉侧支循环。 2例手术治疗患儿无复发。结论 肺血管异常为儿童咯血的主要病因之一，以主肺侧支循环为主要类型， 介入封堵仍为儿童血管相关性咯血的一线治疗方案。

 Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of children with hemoptysis of pulmonary vascular abnormalities and to explore the diagnostic and therapeutic methods in perioperative period. Methods The clinical data and image features of 16 children with hemoptysis of pulmonary vascular abnormalities were retrospectively analyzed. The treatment plan and the effects were followed up and evaluated. Results There were 4 males and 12 females with 3 cases aged <1 year old, 13 cases aged 5 to 13 years old. Angiography confirmed that there were 13 cases (81.25%) of primary pulmonary collateral circulation, 1 case (6.25%) of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, 1 case (6.25%) of bronchial artery pulmonary vascular fistula, and 1 case of unconfirmed type. Eleven cases received a catheter based therapy, one received abnormal vascular ligation under thoracoscope, one received the resection of part of the lung lobe, and 3 cases gave up the therapy. Among those 11 cases who received a catheter based therapy, 2 cases showed a little shunt by radiography immediately after the therapy, 3 cases showed recurrent hemoptysis within one year of therapy, all of these were aortic collateral circulation. Two cases treated by surgical had no recurrence. Conclusions Pulmonary vascular abnormality is one of the main causes of hemoptysis in children, and the main types was main pulmonary collateral circulation. Catheterization is still the first-line treatment for children with hemoptysis of pulmonary vascular abnormalities.