Abstract: Objective　To explore the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of neonatal Candida arthritis.
Methods  The clinical data from one case of neonatal Candida arthritis with swelling and pain in multiple joints as the first symptoms were reviewed. Results  Boy born at 31 weeks' gestational age had the birth weight of 2100 g. The patients was admitted to neonatal intensive care unit after birth and treated with antibiotics for a long time due to infection. At 24 days after birth, blood culture showed the growth of Candida albicans. At 29 days after birth, the bilateral knee joints showed swelling. The Candida arthritis was diagnosed through X ray and joint-cavity fluid culture. The patient was treated with Fluconazole for 13 weeks. When discharged, the joints swelling had been disappeared, while the muscle tension of the double upper limbs was significantly weak. The shoulders had visible slight activities independently. The fingers, wrists and elbows had less independent activities. The muscle tension of the double lower limbs was slight and the independent activity was more than upper limbs, but the extend was smaller than normal. The palmar grasp reflex was weak. The 30 months follow-up showed that each joint had even length, no abnormality and normal activities. The language and intelligence were normal. Conclusions  Neonatal Candida arthritis is mostly combined with or secondary to systemic disseminated candidiasis, and the priority therapy is antifungal drugs. Surgical operation can be considered if necessary, which can improve the prognosis.