Table of Content

15 March 2015 Volume 33 Issue 3

  

Understanding of encephalopathy of prematurity

ZHOU Congle

. 2015, 33(3):  201.  doi:10.3969j.issn.1000-3606.2015.03.001

Abstract ( 364 )   PDF (4740KB) ( 669 )  

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The encephalopathy of prematurity is a new concept in the recent ten years. It specifically focuses on brain damage in premature infants. Neonatal neurology, neuropathology, and magnetic resonance imaging studies found that the gray matter injury is accompanied with diffuse white matter injury in the encephalopathy of prematurity. The brain damage could affect brain development. The neurologic outcome is more severe than tissue loss. Encephalopathy of prematurity involves many problems, and it is difficult to make an independent early diagnosis. Imaging examination is an important way to diagnose the encephalopathy of prematurity. Long-term follow-up and individualized treatment are important for improving the prognosis.


Diagnosis and evaluation on the MRI findings in the premature infants with white matter injury

MAO Jian

. 2015, 33(3):  205.  doi:10.3969j.issn.1000-3606.2015.03.002

Abstract ( 651 )   PDF (18009KB) ( 7506 )  

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Despite that improved neonatal intensive care unit therapies have reduced the mortality of preterm neonates, neonatal neurodevelopmental morbidity persists at high rates. There is increasing recognition that following perinatal brain injury, cognitive deficits in preterm neonates can often occur in the absence of significant impairment and cerebral palsy often due to non-severe white matter injury (WMI). Minicystic and diffusive white matter lesions that need MRI detecting make up the predominant role in the preterm brain injury. The target cells and tissue of WMI in the preterm infant not only focus to preoligodendrocytes and white matter, but also involve neurons and grey matter. In fact, brain developmental trajectory in the premature infant with WMI is a mixed disorder of destructive and dysmature processes. Current MRI applied with high resolution could detect the punctate and diffusive WMI at early stage, distinguish the hemorrhagic lesions from reactive gliosis, analyze cerebral metabolism, and even describe the developmental progresses of myelination, fiber tract, cortex and cerebral connectome. But the predictive value of different MRI techniques in brain development requires more and long-term research through the all life stages.


Effects of placental transfusion of umbilical cord milking on very low birth weight infants 

GUO Fang, ZHU Jinqiu, LUO Weizhen, LI Jia, ZHANG Jing, PU Ling, ZHANG Xia

. 2015, 33(3):  211.  doi:10.3969j.issn.1000-3606.2015.03.003

Abstract ( 513 )   PDF (3633KB) ( 328 )  

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Objective　To study the effects of placental transfusion of umbilical cord milking on very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Methods  Fifty-seven VLBW infants born from September 2011 to May 2014 who had umbilical cord milking at birth were selected as experimental group. Sixty-one VLBW infants born from January 2008 to August 2011 who had normal cord clamping at birth were selected as control group. The complications of VLBW infants, blood transfusion, frequency of using pulmonary surfactant (PS), the duration of mechanical ventilation, the duration of oxygen and mortality were compared between two groups. Results  The incidence of severe asphyxia, IVH and anemia was significantly lower in experimental group than in control group (P < 0.05). The blood transfusion and transfusion volume, duration of mechanical ventilation, and duration of oxy-gen were significantly lower in experimental group than in control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions  Umbilical cord milking can reduce the incidence of severe asphyxia, IVH and anemia. It also can reduce the blood transfusion, the duration of mechanical ventilation, and the duration of oxygen in VLBW infants.


Study of adrenal insufficiency in preterm infants with critical lung diseases and its relationship with prognosis   

LI Jinliang, GU Qiang, YUAN Bo

. 2015, 33(3):  214.  doi:10.3969j.issn.1000-3606.2015.03.004

Abstract ( 408 )   PDF (4175KB) ( 392 )  

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Objective　To explore adrenal insufficiency in the preterm infants who had critical lung diseases and the relationship between adrenal insufficiency and long-term or short-term prognosis. Methods  The basal cortisol and ACTH of fifty preterm infants enrolled were tested. The peak cortisol at 30 minutes after low dose ACTH stimulation was tested. The adrenal insufficiency was defined as the concentration of the basal cortisol less than 15 μg/dl or the increment of cortisol concentration after low dose ACTH stimulation less than 9 μg/dl. The pretern infants with adrenal insufficiency were the AI group and others were the adrenal normality, AN group. Results  Thirty-one cases were adrenal insufficiency in 50 preterm infants with critical lung disease. The incidence was 62%. The concentrations of the basal and peak cortisol in AI group were lower than those in AN group (p<0.01). The increment of cortisol concentration after low dose ACTH stimulation had not significant difference between two groups. The concentration of ACTH in AI group was lower than that in AN group (p<0.01). The mean arterial blood pressure in AI group was lower than that in AN group (p<0.01). The blood sugar, potassium and sodium had no significant difference between two groups (p>0.05). There was no significant difference in the mortality and the incidence of BPD between two groups (p>0.05). Conclusions  The incidence of adrenal insufficiency was high in the preterm infants with critical lung diseases, which may be due to insufficient production of endogenous ACTH. When the adrenal insufficiency was happened, the blood pressure is relatively low in preterm infants with critical lung diseases, but it was not related to the mortality and the incidence of BPD.


One case report of neonatal Candida arthritis

YIN Liping, LI Han, ZHU Huan, QIAN Lijuan

. 2015, 33(3):  218.  doi:10.3969j.issn.1000-3606.2015.03.005

Abstract ( 463 )   PDF (4721KB) ( 367 )  

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Objective　To explore the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of neonatal Candida arthritis.
Methods  The clinical data from one case of neonatal Candida arthritis with swelling and pain in multiple joints as the first symptoms were reviewed. Results  Boy born at 31 weeks' gestational age had the birth weight of 2100 g. The patients was admitted to neonatal intensive care unit after birth and treated with antibiotics for a long time due to infection. At 24 days after birth, blood culture showed the growth of Candida albicans. At 29 days after birth, the bilateral knee joints showed swelling. The Candida arthritis was diagnosed through X ray and joint-cavity fluid culture. The patient was treated with Fluconazole for 13 weeks. When discharged, the joints swelling had been disappeared, while the muscle tension of the double upper limbs was significantly weak. The shoulders had visible slight activities independently. The fingers, wrists and elbows had less independent activities. The muscle tension of the double lower limbs was slight and the independent activity was more than upper limbs, but the extend was smaller than normal. The palmar grasp reflex was weak. The 30 months follow-up showed that each joint had even length, no abnormality and normal activities. The language and intelligence were normal. Conclusions  Neonatal Candida arthritis is mostly combined with or secondary to systemic disseminated candidiasis, and the priority therapy is antifungal drugs. Surgical operation can be considered if necessary, which can improve the prognosis.


The efficacy of enuresis alarm on children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis 

Guo Wei, XU Hong, SHEN Qian, Zhang Jun

. 2015, 33(3):  222.  doi:10.3969j.issn.1000-3606.2015.03.006

Abstract ( 452 )   PDF (3179KB) ( 413 )  

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Objective　To investigate the efficacy of alarm treatment in a sample of China monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) children and adolescents with smaller than expected bladder capacity (EBC) for age. Methods  Fifteen MNE patients with a smaller than age-expected BC and without nocturia were included. All the patients were treated with enuretic alarm and water restriction 2 hours before sleep. All patients were followed up monthly. A success criterion was defined as “14 consecutive dry nights” after successive 2-3 months treatment. A relapse criterion was defined as “more than two wet nights every two weeks” after therapy discontinuation. The relapsed patients were treated with enuretic alarm and followed up again. Results  The patients consisted of 9 boys and 6 girls. The mean age was 9.76±4.24 years (6-15 years). Thirteen patients were successfully cured after three months treatment. Two patients discontinued the treatment and received the treatment of desmopressin. Five patients relapsed and received the enuresis alarm treatment again. Four patients had never relapsed, and one failed. The cure rate was 80%. Conclusions  The enuretic alarm device is effective on MNE patients with a smaller than age-expected BC and without nocturia.


The mutations of GATA4 and GATA6 in children with isolated atrial septal defect

XU Xicai, LI Fen, ZHOU Wanping, ZHU Diqi, JI Wei, HU Jingjing, CHEN Yiwei, QIAN Yijiao, DAI Ke

. 2015, 33(3):  225.  doi:10.3969j.issn.1000-3606.2015.03.007

Abstract ( 447 )   PDF (5606KB) ( 333 )  

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Objective　To identify mutations of GATA4 and GATA6 genes in children with isolated congenital atrial septal defect (ASD). Methods  From November 2012 to November 2013, 101 patients with ASD (99 unrelated patients and one twin) who were submitted to catheter-based intervention and 100 ethnicity-matched children without congenital heart disease, blood disorders and chromosomal abnormalities were enrolled. The blood was collected. The coding regions and flanking regions of the GATA4 and GATA6 genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced using the dideoxvnucleotide chain termination technique, and then compared with the normal sequence in the Genbank. Results  Two novel heterozygous missense GATA6 mutations, c. G145A and c. G151A, were identified in 2 unrelated ASD patients, which were not present in the controls. These two mutations predicted the conversion of glycine into serine at amino acid residue 49 (G49S) and glutamate into lysine at amino acid residue 52 (K52E). A heterozygous missense GATA6 mutation c.43 G>C, which caused a conversion from glycine to arginine, was found in 9 ASD patients and 7 controls. A single nucleotide polymorphism c.99G>T, which did not cause amino acid conversion in GATA4 gene, was found.  Conclusions  GATA6 gene is an important transcription factor in heart development. The mutation of GATA6 gene may cause the change of its transcriptional activity, and lead to ASD.


Associations of anticardiolipin antibody with systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis in children

CUI Wanlin, JIANG Hong

. 2015, 33(3):  230.  doi:10.3969j.issn.1000-3606.2015.03.008

Abstract ( 360 )   PDF (4587KB) ( 376 )  

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Objective　To evaluate the role of serum IgM, IgG and IgA anticardiolipin antibody (ACA) isotypes in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and their association with lupus nephritis (LN) in children. Methods  One hundred and sixteen hospitalized SLE pediatric patients were selected between April 2005 and October 2013. The clinical data were collected and analyzed. Results  There were 20 males and 96 females among 116 SLE patients. The positive rate of ACA-IgG, ACA-IgM and ACA-IgA was 37.1%, 35.3%, 26.7% respectively, without significant difference between each other (P>0.05). Among 116 SLE patients, 75 cases had LN and 41 cases had no LN. The positive rates of ACA-IgM and ACA-IgA were not significantly different between cases with and without LN (P>0.05). Cases with LN (42.7%) had higher ACA-IgG positive rate than cases without LN (22.0%) (P=0.026). The occurrence of LN and the positive rate of ACA isotypes were not significantly different between genders (P>0.05). Conclusions  The different isotypes of ACA have the same significance in the diagnosis of SLE. The detection of ACA-IgG helps diagnose the LN complicated with SLE.


Clinical comparative analysis of juvenile dermatomyositis and adult dermatomyositis　

YU Hong,LI Chunxiao, JIANG Chengyi, CHENG Ruhong, HUANG Peizhen, ZHANG Zhen, ZHAO Dongbao

. 2015, 33(3):  234.  doi:10.3969j.issn.1000-3606.2015.03.009

Abstract ( 371 )   PDF (4860KB) ( 359 )  

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Objective　To understand the difference in characteristics between juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) and adult dermatomyositis (ADM). Methods  Sixty-one cases of JDM were retrospectively analyzed and compared with 30 cases of ADM. Results  The rashes were presented as the initial symptom in all expect one JDM patients. Gottron’s papules were presented in 90% JDM patients and 67% ADM patients. Calcium deposition was presented in 7% JDM patients and none of the ADM patients. The cardiovascular system was involved in 7 % JDM patients and 23% ADM patients. Cancer occurred in none of JDM patients and 13% ADM patients. In JDM and ADM patients, the ratio of elevated muscle enzymes from highest to lowest was LDH, hydroxybutyric acid enzyme, CK-MB, AST, and CK. The positive ratio of magnetic resonance (MRI) all exceeded 80% in JDM and ADM groups. Two cases died in each group. Conclusions  The clinical presentation of JDM is basically the same as that of ADM. The most common initial symptoms in JDM are skin rashes and Gottron's papules. Cardiovascular disease and cancer are less in JDM than in ADM. MRI is valuable in the diagnosis of DM.


Relationship between autoimmune thyroid disorders and thyroid cancer in children

ZHANG Ling, LI Shuhong, ZHANG Jing, XU Guochun

. 2015, 33(3):  238.  doi:10.3969j.issn.1000-3606.2015.03.010

Abstract ( 298 )   PDF (4102KB) ( 362 )  

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Objective　To investigate the relationship between autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITD) and thyroid cancer (TC) in children. Methods  Clinical date from 68 patients who underwent thyroidectomy and were histologically confirmed with TC were retrospectively analyzed from 2000 to 2008. Age, gender, nodular size, lymph node metastasis, and invasive status of thyroid cancer were compared between patients with and without AITD. Results  In 68 patients with TC, 45.6% (31/68) patients had concurrent AITD. Compared with those without AITD, a greater female preponderance, older age, smaller tumour size, higher TSH values, higher TG  values, shorter survival time, lower disease free survival rate, and higher relapse rate were found in patients with AITD (P<0.05). Conclusions  AITD are associated with TC in children. Follow-up is suggested in children with AITD.


The value of interferon gamma release assays in the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in children

MU Faguang, HE Hailan, TAN Taichang, LI Yi

. 2015, 33(3):  242.  doi:10.3969j.issn.1000-3606.2015.03.011

Abstract ( 378 )   PDF (5676KB) ( 367 )  

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Objective　To investigate the diagnostic value of interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) in children
with tuberculous meningitis.  Methods  The prospective case-control study was applied. From January 2012 to March 2013,
32 children diagnosed with tuberculous meningitis (TBM group) and 30 children diagnosed with non-tuberculous meningitis (non-TBM group) were recruited. The positive rates of the interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs), tuberculin skin test (TST), mycobacterium tuberculosis antibody test (TB-IgG), cerebrospinal fluid of mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA test (TB-DNA), and the sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive value of all these tests were compared between TBM group and non-TBM group. Results  The positive rate of IGRAs, TST, TB-IgG, and TB-DNA was 87.50%, 56.25%, 46.88% and 34.38% respectively in TBM group, and 6.67%, 23.33%, 20% and 0% respectively in non-TBM group. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The sensitivity of IGRAs, TST, TB-IgG, and TB-DNA was 87.5%, 56.25%, 6.88% and 34.38% respectively. The specificity of IGRAs, TST, TB-IgG, and TB-DNA was 93.33%, 76.67%, 80.00% and 100% respectively. The differences of sensitivity and specificity were statistically significant (P<0.05). The sensitivity of IGRAs was higher than that of other tests (P<0.017). The positive predictive value of IGRAs, TST, TB-IgG, and TB-DNA was 93.33%, 72%, 71.43% and 100% respectively. The negative predictive value was 87.50%, 62.16%, 58.54% and 58.82% respectively. Conclusions  IGRAs, TST, TB-IgG, and TB-DNA are valuable in the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis. IGRAs has a relatively higher sensitivity and specificity.


Transition from endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis to membrane proliferative glomerulonephritis: a case report 

ZHANG Hongbo, HUANG Jianping

. 2015, 33(3):  247.  doi:10.3969j.issn.1000-3606.2015.03.012

Abstract ( 358 )   PDF (4588KB) ( 380 )  

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Objective　To investigate the mechanism, diagnosis and treatment of membrane proliferative glome-rulonephritis (MPGN) transitioned from endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis (EnPGN). Methods  The clinical data and the results of pathological examination of one case of MPGN transitioned from EnPGN were retrospectively analyzed. Results The child was presented with proteinuria, microscopic hematuria, and persistent low level of complement C3. The type of renal pathology was transitioned from EnPGN to MPGN. Complete remission was achieved in this child with the treatment of oral prednisolone and tacrolimus, but the level of plasma complement C3 remained low. Conclusions  The type of renal pathology in children with persistent low level of complement C3 could make a transition, and the early diagnosis, timely and effective treatment are important.


Pleuropulmonary blastoma: one case report

CHEN Zhiguo, WANG Xianshu, YANG Zhiguo, YUE Fang, GAO Feifei

. 2015, 33(3):  251.  doi:10.3969j.issn.1000-3606.2015.03.013

Abstract ( 469 )   PDF (4184KB) ( 320 )  

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Objective　To investigate the early diagnosis and treatment of pleuropulmonary blastoma in children. Methods  The progress of pleuropulmonary blastoma from type 1 to type 3 was retrospectively analyzed. Results  The male infant had no obvious abnormality in chest X-ray at 18 days. At one year old, X-ray film of the chest showed cystic lesions near hilum of the left lung (about 5 cm × 4 cm × 4 cm). The congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation was considered and an operation resection was suggested. However, it had been rejected by his parents. At 3 years and 2 months old, chest X-ray and CT showed left lung had a solid cystic lesion, the volume was significantly enlarged, the back side was solid and the upper part had a large gas cavity. Two months later, the patient had asthmatic suffocation. The chest CT showed the tumor was completely solid. Pleuropulmonary blastoma type 3 was considered. The patient received the conventional chemotherapy after operation excision, and was followed up for 1 year. No recurrence was observed after the treatment. Conclusions  Type 1 pleuropulmonary blastoma and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation are hard to be differentially diagnosed. Early diagnosis and treatment of type 1 pleuropulmonary blastoma can improve the prognosis.


Clinical features of noncompaction of ventricular myocardium in children

NI Qian, WANG Xiaoshuai, LIU Yahong, WANG Jin, DONG Xiangyu

. 2015, 33(3):  254.  doi:10.3969j.issn.1000-3606.2015.03.014

Abstract ( 421 )   PDF (4960KB) ( 357 )  

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Objective　To assess the clinical features of noncompaction of ventricular myocardium (NVM) in children. Methods  The clinical data from five children with NVM were analyzed, including clinical manifestations, ultrasonic cardiogram(UCG), electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, the process of diagnosis and treatment, and follow up. Results  In five patients (3 boys and 2 girls) aged 3 months to 12 years, four of them were hospitalized because of pneumonia with heart failure. None of the five patients had thromboembolism. Heart enlargement was observed in all five patients on chest X-ray. By 2D ultrasonography, 2 patients had cardiac apex involvement, and 3 patients showed involvement of left ventricular wall and interventricular septum. In one patient, congenital partial defect of the endocardial cushion was observed. All patients were followed up for 3 to 36 months. One patient died of heart failure, 3 patients survived, and one patient was lost to follow-up. Conclusions  The common clinical manifestation of NVM is the heart failure. UCG is preferred for NVM diagnosis. In children with refractory pneumonia and heart failure, NVM should be suspected.


Children with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes syndrome: two cases report

TANG Zhihui, LUO Qiang

. 2015, 33(3):  258.  doi:10.3969j.issn.1000-3606.2015.03.015

Abstract ( 419 )   PDF (7699KB) ( 209 )  

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Objective　To discuss the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome in children. Methods  The clinical features and treatment process of two children with MELAS were retrospectively analyzed. Results　The main clinical features of MELAS were stroke-like episodes, seizure, visual anomaly and lactic acidosis. Cephalic MRI findings performed during episode periods were in accord with the typical radiographic features of MELAS. Gene testing on the two children and their mothers showed the point mutation of A3243G in mitochondrial genome. The symptoms were improved significantly after energy supply and corticosteroid treatment. Conclusions  MELAS syndrome is easy to be misdiagnosed due to the varied clinical features. The diagnosis depends on the musclebiopsy and gene testing. Corticosteroid therapy is effective for MELAS syndrome.


Distribution of blood pressure in children aged 7 to 12 in Zhengzhou

TAN Lina, LIU Dapeng, ZHANG Yaodong, WEI Haiyan

. 2015, 33(3):  261.  doi:10.3969j.issn.1000-3606.2015.03.016

Abstract ( 423 )   PDF (4734KB) ( 317 )  

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Objective　To understand the feature of blood pressure in children aged 7 to 12 years in Zhengzhou. Methods According to stratified cluster random sampling method, children aged 7 to 12 years in five schools from three urban and two suburban counties in Zhengzhou were analyzed. The height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured and analyzed. Results  The survey included total 6460 children aged 7 to 12 years, 3206 urban children (49.63%), 3254 suburban children (50.37%), 3525 boys (54.57%) and 2935 girls (45.43%). SBP in boys [(117.86±18.18) mmHg] was significantly higher than that in girls [(113.82±13.11) mmHg (t=3.16; P=0.002). The incidence of hypertension in children in Zhengzhou was 7.52%. The blood pressure in boys was higher than that in girls (χ2=9.66, P=0.002). The blood pressure in urban boys and girls was higher than that in suburban boys and girls respectively (χ2=24.15, 14.39; P=0.000). The SBP and DBP had positive correlation with age, height, weight, BMI, waist circumference in boys (P<0.01). The SBP had positive correlation with age, height, weight, BMI, waist circumference in girls (P<0.01). Conclusions  The blood pressure is higher in boys than in girls, which also is higher in urban children than in suburban children in Zhengzhou. The SBP is related to the age, height, weight, BMI, waist circumference.


Neuropathological findings in 38 children with temporal lobe intractable epilepsy

WANG Jiangya, LI Wenling, Wu Jiang, Zhao Huanfen, Mao Jinli, LOU Yan

. 2015, 33(3):  265.  doi:10.3969j.issn.1000-3606.2015.03.017

Abstract ( 399 )   PDF (5086KB) ( 278 )  

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Objectives　To explore the neuropathological characteristics of children with temporal intractable epilepsy. Methods　A retrospective analysis of the pathological characteristics was conducted in 38 children who underwent epilepsy surgery from December 2011 to December 2013. Results　Among 38 patients, aged 2.5-14 years, 21 boys and 17 girls, 21 cases had focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), 1 case had FCDⅠa, 2 cases had FCDⅠb, 1 case had FCDⅡa, 3 cases had FCDⅡb, 5 cases had CDⅢa, 1 case had FCDⅢb, 1 case had FCDⅢc, 6 cases had FCDⅢd. Three cases had microdysgenesis, 3 cases had simple hippocampal sclerosis, 7 cases had neoplasms, 5 cases had dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, 2 cases had astroglioma, 2 cases had encephalitis, 2 cases had arachnoid cyst. Conclusions　FCD is the most common form that causes temporal lobe intractable epilepsy in children. FCDIIId is the most common subtype in FCD.


Effect of taurine on the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related factors in the brain of zebrafish larvae after hypoxia reperfusion 

LUO Jixuan, CHENG Yan, ZHAO Dan, CHEN Yanchen, WANG Bin

. 2015, 33(3):  269.  doi:10.3969j.issn.1000-3606.2015.03.018

Abstract ( 389 )   PDF (8746KB) ( 155 )  

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Objectives　To investigate the expression of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), CCAAT/enhancer binding
protein homologous protein (CHOP) and cysteine asparate protease-12 (caspase-12) and neuronal apoptosis in the brain of
zebrafish larvae after hypoxia reperfusion, and the neuroprotective effect of taurine. Methods  Five day old post-fertilization zebrafish
 larvae were randomly assigned into 3 groups, control group, hypoxia reperfusion group (model group) and taurine group, and the taurine group was further divided into 3 subgroups according to different concentrations (1 mmol/L, 5 mmol/L, 10 mmol/L) with 100 zebrafish larvae each. The behavior, recovery time and median survival time of those zebrafish larvae after hypoxia with 1h reperfusion were observed and recorded. The pathological changes and apoptosis of neurons were detected by Nissl staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling. The expression of GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 in the brain of zebrafish larvae were detected by Western blot. Results  Compared with the model group, the recovery time was shortened, the median survival time was extended, the Nissl stained neurons was increased and the apoptotic neurons were
decreased in the taurine groups. GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 were expressed in model group and taurine group. The expression of GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 was much lower in taurine group than in model group. Conclusions  Hypoxia reperfusion may induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and taurine may be neuroprotective against hypoxia reperfusion by down-regulating GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12.


The effect of glutamine on the expression of PCNA in intestinal tract of newborn rats with necrotizing enterocolitis

DENG Qingxian, HE Xiangying, HUANG Yongkun, WEN Gesheng, YUAN Xinhua, LIN Meifang, FU Qinqin, JIANG Qi

. 2015, 33(3):  276.  doi:10.3969j.issn.1000-3606.2015.03.019

Abstract ( 297 )   PDF (7985KB) ( 164 )  

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Objective　To investigate the effect of Glutamine (Gln) on the expression of PCNA in intestinal tissue of neonatal rats with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and to explore the protective mechanism of Gln in intestinal mucosa. Methods  Forty-eight neonatal rats at the age of 48 hours were selected, and divided into 4 groups, control group, Gln group, NEC group, NECGln group. Each group had 12 rats. Control group were fed mice milk substitutes; Gln group were fed mice milk substitutes mixed with Gln; NEC group were fed mice milk substitutes and had cold/ hypoxia exposure twice a day for 3 days; NECGln group were exposed to cold stress, hypoxia and treated with Gln mixed in the milk. The expression of PCNA was detected using immunohistochemical method. Results Compared with control group were and Gln group, the general condition was worse, and the weight was decreased in NEC and NECGln group. The infiltrated inflammatory cells, congestion, edema, intrinsic layer separation were observed in intestinal mucosa in NEC and NECGln group. The intestinal villus was lost in severe in NEC and NECGln group. The PCNA index was 34.17±5.78, 34.42±5.38, 15.00±1.94, 30.67±3.14 in control, Gln, NEC and NECGln group respectively, with significant difference between each groups (H=24.32, P=0.000). The expression of PCNA in NEC group was lower than that in normal, Gln, and NECGln group (P<0.008). The expression of PCNA had no significant difference among normal, Gln, and NECGln group (P>0.008). Conclusions  The expression of PCNA in intestinal mucosa was decreased in NEC rats. Gln supplement could raise the expression of PCNA in intestinal mucosa of NEC rats, and accelerate the speed of intestinal mucosa repair.


Study on the mechanism of brain damage caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis in mice

QIAO Lili, SHEN Jianwei, HU Zhengyun

. 2015, 33(3):  280.  doi:10.3969j.issn.1000-3606.2015.03.020

Abstract ( 268 )   PDF (4175KB) ( 274 )  

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Objectives　To study the mechanism of brain damage caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) in mice. Methods  A total of 80 neonatal mice of postnatal day 1 (PND1) were divided into SE group (48 mice), normal saline (NS) group (16 mice) and control group (16 mice). Mice in SE group were intravenously injected with 50 μl SE (108/ml). Mice in NS group were given 50 μl NS. Mice in control group were not intervened. At different time points after SE injection (6 h, 24 h, 72 h, 5 d, 7 d), the CFU of brain, blood, and spleen were calculated. Serial sections of paraffin-embedded brain tissue were used for detection of ionized calcium-binding adaptor moleculor1 (Iba-1) by immunohistochemical staining. The positive cells were calculated. ELISA was used to measure the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-5 (IL-5), interleukin-6 (IL-6) of brain at 6 h and 24 h after SE injection. Results  There was no SE in brain in different time points. The CFU was at the highest level at 6 h and then decreased after 24 h in blood and spleen. The Iba-1 positive cells in SE group were significantly increased compared to NS group and control group at 24 h and 72 h (P<0.05). There was no difference of Iba-1 positive cells between 24 h and 72 h after SE injection (P>0.05). The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-5, and IL-6 were significantly higher in SE group than those in NS and control at 6 h and 24 h (P<0.05). The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-5, and IL-6 were significantly lower in SE group at 24 h than those in SE group at 6 h (P<0.01). Conclusions  It is suggested that cytokines produced by microglias may be the mediators of SE-caused brain damage.


Effects of Astragalus membranaous on the proliferation and transforming growth factor β1 production of cardiac fibroblasts　

RUAN Tao, HE Xuehua, LIU Liping, YUAN Yonghua, PAN Li, LIU Zhenyu, LUO Jianhong, HU Shaya

. 2015, 33(3):  284.  doi:10.3969j.issn.1000-3606.2015.03.021

Abstract ( 331 )   PDF (3574KB) ( 346 )  

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Objective　To observe the effect of Astragalus membranaous on angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ)-induced transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) production of cardiac fibroblasts. Methods  Cardiac fibroblasts were cultured in vitro. Cells were allocated into 3 groups: control group, Astragalus membranaous groups (50, 100, 200 mg/ml), Ang II group (10-7 mol/L) and AngⅡ/Astragalus membranaous groups (50, 100, 200 mg/ml). The proliferation of each group was tested by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium method. TGF-β1 was measured by ELISA. Results  The proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts had significant difference between each groups (F=71.84, P=0.000). The proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts with Ang II stimulation was higher than that of cells without Ang II stimulation (P<0.05). Astragalus membranaous inhibited Ang II-induced cardiac fibroblasts proliferation dose dependently (P<0.05). The TGF-β1 production had significant difference between each groups (F=786.81, P=0.000). The TGF-β1 production in AngII/astragalus membranaous groups was lower than that in Ang II group (P<0.05). The TGF-β1 production in Ang II group was the highest, and had significant difference as compared to other groups (P<0.05). Astragalus membranaous inhibited Ang II-induced TGF-β1 production dose dependently (P<0.05). Conclusions  Ang II can stimulate the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts, and promote the TGF-β1 production. Astragalus membranaous can inhibit the proliferation of Ang II-induced cardiac fibroblasts, and reduce the TGF-β1 production of cardiac fibroblasts.


Progressin in evidence-based study of cerebral white matter lesions in preterm neonates　

LONG Shasha,CHENG Guoqiang

. 2015, 33(3):  287.  doi:10.3969j.issn.1000-3606.2015.03.022

Abstract ( 303 )   PDF (5197KB) ( 460 )  

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Brain injury of premature infant is a hot topic in the neonatal clinical study. Early diagnosis and intervention can improve the prognosis of premature infants. Although there are some interventions for brain injury of premature infants, most of them do not have evidence-based study to support the clinical application. Antenatal application of magnesium sulfate for pregnant women and application of erythropoietin for preterm infants may be the most promising interventions. Avoiding prematurity and brain damage is the key interventions for brain damage of premature infants.


Progress in the treatment of Langerhans cell histiocytosis

NI Yongan

. 2015, 33(3):  291.  doi:10.3969j.issn.1000-3606.2015.03.023

Abstract ( 338 )   PDF (5360KB) ( 466 )  

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Treatment of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) needs to be tailored for each individual patient according to LCH classification currently. Single-system LCH (SS-LCH) has an excellent prognosis. However, there is a poor prognosis in multisystem LCH (MS-LCH) with risk organs (RO) involvement and refractory or recurrent LCH (Re-LCH). The prognosis of MS-LCH with RO involvement and Re-LCH has been improved markedly accompanying with progress of chemotherapy in recent years. The 5-year survival rate of MS-LCH reached above 80%, and the effective rate of Re-LCH reached above 60% after chemotherapy. Re-LCH can be cured by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.


Research advance in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

SUN Lina, ZHANG Lin, LIANG Qinghong

. 2015, 33(3):  295.  doi:10.3969j.issn.1000-3606.2015.03.024

Abstract ( 333 )   PDF (5034KB) ( 456 )  

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Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) had a low incidence, and mainly in neonates or infants. It is caused by mutations of the polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1 gene (PKHD1). The pathogenesis of ARPKD is still not clear. The principal of treatment is focused on the control of complications and slow down the progression. In this article, the research advances in the pathogenesis and treatment of ARPKD was reviewed.