国家儿童健康与疾病医学研究中心, 中华医学会儿科学分会感染学组, 上海市医学会感染病分会. 儿童呼吸道合胞病毒感染临床诊治中国专家共识（2023年版）[J]. 临床儿科杂志, 2024, 42(1): 1-14.
表1
呼吸道合胞病毒感染的实验室诊断方法"
| 方法 | 类 型 | 灵敏度/% | 特异性/% | 检测时间 | 备 注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 核酸检测 | 快速核酸检测法 | 90.6~100 | 99.4~100 | 13 min~1 h | 新的主流方法；注意它在检测临床上低水平病毒滴度时可能过于敏感；需定时通过外部质量评估化验性能 |
| 传统核酸检测 | 86.4~100 | 97.7~100 | 1~8 h | ||
| 抗原检测 | 快速抗原 | 72.4~90.0 | 89.5~100 | <0.5 h | 一代的灵敏度有限；自动化测试提供了更好的性能；阴性标本应采用其他方法进行验证 |
| 病毒培养 | 直接免疫荧光法 | 93.5~94.1 | 96.8~99.8 | 1~4 h | 需收集适当数量的上皮细胞 |
| 快速病毒培养 | - | - | 1~2 d | 传统上被认为是金标准；许多因素影响病毒分离的成功 | |
| 病毒培养 | - | - | 3~7 d |
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