Abstract: Objective　To investigate the prevalence of urine abnormalities for school children in Lanzhou and evaluate the significance of urine screening. Methods During 2012-2013, urine from 10795 students were collected, and screened by urine reagent paper. Two weeks later, repeated screening was conducted in those who had abnormal result in the first screening. Children with both results being abnormal were submitted to urine routine tests in local hospitals. Results In the first screening of school children, 1653 (15.31%) children were urinary occult blood positive, 516 (4.78%) had urinary protein, 112 (1.04%) had occult blood with proteinuri and 743 (6.88%) had white cells in urine. In the second urine screening, the positive rate of occult blood was 7.55% (815 ), urinary protein was 2.13% (230), occult blood with proteinuria was 0.69% (74) and white cells in urine was 2.51% (271). Four hundred and fifty-five students in 1359 were submitted to urine routine tests. Thirty-two children had pyuria, 147 had hematuria, 23 had proteinuria and 13 had occult blood with proteinuria. Thirteen cases of chronic kidney disease were found in the follow-up. The incidence of urine abnormalities was significantly higher in junior middle school than in primary school. Conclusions Urine screening is an effective way to find asymptomatic kidney disease and urinary tract infection. Follow-up should be strengthened.