Abstract: Objective　To explore the clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of chronic suppurative lung disease in children. Method　The clinical data and the bacterial culture results of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of 26 children with chronic suppurative lung disease (CSLD) from January 2013 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Results　The average age of 26 children with CSLD was 18.3±18.4 months, and the duration of cough was 11.1±9.5 weeks. The middle/coarse wet rales can be heard in the lungs in 25 cases (96.2%), and wheezing rale in 22 cases (84.6%). Seventeen cases (65.4%) were clinically diagnosed of protracted pneumonia, 19 cases (73.1%) of airway dysplasia, and 7 cases (26.9%) of bronchial asthma. All the patients showed purulent endometritis under bronchoscopy, of whom 13 patients (50%) were complicated with airway dysplasia. Neutrophils were increased significantly in cell classification of BALF. The distribution of detected pathogens showed a predominance of Streptococcus pneumoniae (7 cases), followed by Escherichia coli (6 cases) and Haemophilus influenzae (5 cases). The rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to amoxicillin was relatively low (28.6%), and was sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid and levofloxacin. Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae were completely resistant to ampicillin, and also had a serious resistance to piperacillin, while they were sensitive rather well to imipenem, meropenem, piperacillin tazobactam and amikacin. Conclusion　CSLD is more common in infants and young children and is easy to be misdiagnosed as protracted pneumonia, airway dysplasia and asthma. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common pathogen which has a low resistant rate to amoxicillin. The antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae was serious.