关键词: 肺结核；　临床特征；　儿童

Abstract: Objective　To analyze the clinical epidemiological characteristics of pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis, (PTB) patient. Methods　A retrospective，descriptive study was undertaken among PTB patients from 2010 to 2015 in the hospital， we collected the clinical data and evaluated related factors，and divided these cases into severe tuberculosis group and non-severe tuberculosis group by the severity of the disease，to analyzes the risk factors of severe tuberculosis. Results　A total of 920 children with PTB were enrolled，age ranged from 9 days to 17 years, the peak age at onset was 7～14 years. 48.9% of patients were complicated with extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and the most commonly seen was tuberculous meningitis（52.4%）. The most common symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis were fever（80.4%）and cough（71.3%）. The positive rate of T-SPOT.TB (81.5%) was higher than the sputum/gastric bacterium smear (26.9%), PPD (35.5%) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis-PCR (29.6%). CT scanning was superior to X-ray examination in all aspects. There were 355 severe tuberculosis and 565 non-severe tuberculosis. Univariate analysis showed that the gender, age, household registration and PPD test between two groups were significantly different (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the girls, age at 0-3 years, rural origin and negative PPD were independent risk factors for children with severe tuberculosis. Conclusions PTB is featured with atypical clinical performance，low etiological positive rate，so we need to pay attention to tuberculosis exposure and BCG vaccination， to analysis comprehensively and improve the understanding of the risk factors for severe tuberculosis.

Key words: pulmonary tuberculosis;　clinical feature; child