儿童日间手术术后恶心呕吐防治策略及研究进展

doi:10.12372/jcp.2026.25e1575

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

术后恶心呕吐（PONV）是儿童日间手术后最常见的并发症之一，发生率高达70%~80%，严重影响患儿舒适度、恢复进程及日间手术效率。随着日间手术模式在儿科的广泛应用，PONV防治已成为围手术期管理的关键环节。然而，儿童生理结构特殊、手术类型多样，且目前防治策略尚缺乏统一标准，亟须系统整合现有证据以指导临床实践。本综述旨在总结儿童日间手术PONV的危险因素、评估工具、药物与非药物预防措施的最新进展，并探讨多模式联合防治策略在优化PONV管理中的价值，以期为临床提供科学、规范的防治参考，提升患儿手术体验与康复质量。

关键词: 日间手术, 术后恶心呕吐, 多模式预防, 非药物干预, 儿童

Abstract:

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the most common complications following pediatric day surgery, with an incidence ranging from 70% to 80%. It significantly impacts patient comfort, recovery progress, and the efficiency of day surgery. With the widespread implementation of the day surgery model in pediatrics, the prevention and management of PONV have become a crucial component of perioperative care. However, factors such as the unique physiological characteristics of children, the diversity of surgical procedures, and the current lack of standardized prevention and management strategies necessitate the systematic integration of existing evidence to guide clinical practice. This review aims to summarize the latest advancements in risk factors, assessment tools, pharmacological and non-pharmacological preventive measures for PONV in pediatric day surgery. It also explores the value of multimodal combined prevention strategies in optimizing PONV management. The goal is to provide scientific and standardized references for clinical practice, thereby improving the surgical experience and recovery quality for pediatric patients.

Key words: day surgery, postoperative nausea and vomiting, multimodal prevention, non-pharmacological intervention, child

中图分类号:

甘欣艳, 李想, 邱倩怡, 陈芳. 儿童日间手术术后恶心呕吐防治策略及研究进展[J]. 临床儿科杂志, 2026, 44(3): 270-276.

GAN Xinyan, LI Xiang, QIU Qianyi, CHEN Fang. Progress in prevention and management strategies of postoperative nausea and vomiting in pediatric day surgery[J]. Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 2026, 44(3): 270-276.

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