Abstract: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common chronic respiratory disease in premature infants. The “new BPD”, characterized by impaired alveolar development and abnormal blood vessel growth, has a trend of increasing year by year. Pulmonary vascular growth is the key to the development of the lung. Vascular endothelial growth factor, as a core factor in the occurrence of angiogenesis, has some link with the occurrence of BPD. Studies showed that the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor in premature infants and the animals of BPD model induced by high oxygen can be decreased at different time points in different degrees compared with the control group; Inhibition of animal blood vessel development can lead to a decrease in the number of pulmonary vessels, and a decrease of the radial alveolar count appears as the “new BPD”;It has been found that with the intervention of virus mediated gene therapy or intramuscular injection, exogenous VEGF worked in the BPD animal model, contributing to the development of pulmonary vessels and increased radial alveolar count, but VEGF overexpression led to pulmonary edema, pulmonary hemorrhage and other adverse events. The aim of this review is to elucidate the expression of VEGF protein in BPD and BPD model animals, and its progress in the treatment of animals with BPD.