Abstract:

The pediatric mucormycosis is a rare but often highly lethal complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Of the hazard factors, immunosuppression post HSCT, neutropenia, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), Iron overload, parenteral hyperalimentation, and the use of corticosteroid or calcineurin inhibitors, particularly in children, have been reported to be the commonest contributions to mucormycosis. An early diagnosis and combined treatment of mucormycosis is challenging due to the nature of often rapidly invasion and destruction. This article reviews the research advances in epidemiological characteristics, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of mucormycosis in children after HSCT, and provides suggestions for further improvement of the diagnosis and treatment of mucormycosis in children after transplantation.

Key words: mucormycosis, hematopoietic stem cell transplant, diagnosis, management, child