哮喘患儿家长心理弹性与应对方式的潜在剖面分析及影响因素研究

doi:10.12372/jcp.2026.25e1127

临床儿科杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 556-563.doi: 10.12372/jcp.2026.25e1127

哮喘患儿家长心理弹性与应对方式的潜在剖面分析及影响因素研究

陈旭梅, 艾比白·艾尔肯, 岳雪艳, 茹凉(), 张莉()

新疆医科大学第一附属医院（新疆乌鲁木齐 830054）

收稿日期:2025-09-12 修回日期:2025-12-15 录用日期:2026-01-19 出版日期:2026-06-15 发布日期:2026-06-04
通讯作者: 茹凉,张莉 E-mail:18997953070@163.com;meilirenshengicu@163.com
作者简介:第一联系人：作者贡献（Authors’ Contributions）
陈旭梅负责数据收集、整理和分析、论文撰写；艾比白·艾尔肯负责研究构思及数据分析；岳雪艳负责课题设计与指导、研究；茹凉负责提供修改意见与论文最终审核；张莉负责论文指导与论文审核。
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区卫生健康委员会“天山英才”医药卫生高层次人才培养计划(TSYC202301B003);省部共建中亚高发病成因与防治国家重点实验室开放课题资助项目(SKL-HIDCA-2024-GB9);新疆医科大学第一附属医院2025年度“青年科研启航”专项基金项目(2025YFY-QKQN-48)

A study on the latent profile analysis of psychological resilience and coping styles of parents of children with asthma and its influencing factors

CHEN Xumei, AIERKEN Aibibai, YUE Xueyan, RU Liang(), ZHANG Li()

First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China

Received:2025-09-12 Revised:2025-12-15 Accepted:2026-01-19 Published:2026-06-15 Online:2026-06-04
Contact: RU Liang, ZHANG Li E-mail:18997953070@163.com;meilirenshengicu@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的家长的照护能力与应对水平是影响儿童哮喘控制效果的关键因素之一，而家长的心理弹性则显著影响其应对方式，并进而对儿童哮喘控制产生重要影响。本研究关注哮喘患儿家长心理弹性与应对方式的潜在亚型及影响因素，探讨通过改善家长心理弹性与应对方式以进一步提高哮喘控制水平的可能路径。方法采用便利抽样法，于2025年2—6月，在医院儿科门诊选取哮喘患儿父母236人为调查对象，采用一般资料调查表、心理弹性量表和应对方式量表进行问卷调查。应用潜在剖面分析对哮喘患儿家长心理弹性与应对方式进行分类，采用logistic回归分析探索哮喘患儿家长不同类别心理弹性与应对方式的影响因素。结果哮喘患儿家长心理弹性与应对方式可分为低弹性-消极应对型（22.0%）、中弹性-混合应对型（41.5%）、高弹性-积极应对型（36.4%）3类。Logistic回归分析结果显示，中弹性-混合应对型与家长文化程度（OR=1.791，95% CI：1.074~2.986）、家庭月收入（OR=2.420，95% CI：1.256~4.663）、是否为主要照护者（OR=2.001，95% CI：1.074~3.586）、哮喘发作频率（OR=0.346，95% CI：0.158~0.761）相关。高弹性-积极应对型与患儿年龄（OR=4.088，95%CI：1.320~12.662）、家长文化程度（OR=1.712，95% CI：1.051~2.789）、家庭月收入（OR=3.025，95% CI：1.156~9.236）、是否为主要照护者（OR=3.304，95% CI：1.049~10.372）、哮喘病程（OR=0.331，95% CI：0.163~0.673）和发作频率（OR=0.232，95% CI：0.105~0.513）相关。结论哮喘患儿家长心理弹性与应对方式存在异质性，医疗人员可根据不同家庭的特征提供针对性的支持和专业教育，以改善家庭的疾病管理方式。

关键词: 哮喘, 家长, 潜在剖面, 影响因素, 儿童

Abstract:

Objective The caregiving ability and coping level of parents are key factors influencing the control effect of childhood asthma, and parents' psychological resilience significantly affects their coping styles, which in turn has a significant impact on the control of childhood asthma. This study focuses on the potential subtypes and influencing factors of psychological resilience and coping styles of parents of children with asthma, and explores possible paths to further improve asthma control by improving parents' psychological resilience and coping styles. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted between February and June 2025, enrolling 236 parents of children with asthma via convenience sampling from a pediatric outpatient department. Data were collected using a general demographic questionnaire, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed to empirically derive homogeneous subgroups based on resilience and coping scores. Multinomial logistic regression was then used to identify factors associated with subgroup membership, with the low resilience-negative coping subtype as the reference category. Results The psychological resilience and coping styles of parents of children with asthma can be classified into three types: low resilience - negative coping (22.0%), medium resilience - mixed coping (41.5%), and high resilience - positive coping (36.4%). The logistic regression analysis results showed that the significant influencing factors for the medium resilience - mixed coping type were parents' educational level (OR=1.791, 95%CI: 1.074-2.986), family monthly income (OR=2.420, 95%CI:1.256-4.663), whether they were the main caregivers (OR=2.001, 95%CI:1.074-3.586), and the frequency of attacks (OR=0.346, 95%CI:0.158-0.761). In the high resilience - positive coping type, the significant influencing factors were the age of the child (OR=4.088, 95%CI:1.320-12.662), parents' educational level (OR=1.712, 95%CI:1.051-2.789), family monthly income (OR=3.025, 95%CI:1.156-9.236), whether they were the main caregivers (OR=3.304, 95%CI:1.049-10.372), and the duration of asthma (OR=0.331, 95%CI:0.163-0.673) and the frequency of attacks (OR=0.232, 95%CI:0.105-0.513). Conclusions Parental psychological resilience and coping styles exhibit substantial heterogeneity among families of children with asthma. Targeted interventions—tailored to parental education level, household resources, caregiving role, and disease burden (exacerbation frequency, duration)—may enhance parental adaptive coping and resilience, thereby improving asthma control in children.

Key words: asthma, parents, latent profile, influencing factors, child

中图分类号:

陈旭梅, 艾比白·艾尔肯, 岳雪艳, 茹凉, 张莉. 哮喘患儿家长心理弹性与应对方式的潜在剖面分析及影响因素研究[J]. 临床儿科杂志, 2026, 44(6): 556-563.

CHEN Xumei, AIERKEN Aibibai, YUE Xueyan, RU Liang, ZHANG Li. A study on the latent profile analysis of psychological resilience and coping styles of parents of children with asthma and its influencing factors[J]. Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 2026, 44(6): 556-563.

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项目	分类	n	%
患儿性别	男	132	55.90
患儿性别	女	104	44.10
患儿年龄/岁	≤6	107	45.30
患儿年龄/岁	7~14	129	54.70
哮喘病程	<1年	65	27.50
	1~3年	97	41.10
	>3年	74	31.40
发作频率	每月≥4次	58	24.60
	每月2~3次	86	36.40
	每月<2次	92	39.00
哮喘严重程度	轻度	96	40.70
	中度	102	43.20
	重度	38	16.10
家长身份	父亲	92	39.00
家长身份	母亲	144	61.00
家长年龄/岁	25~35	124	52.50
	36~45	98	41.50
	>45	14	5.90
家长文化程度	小学及以下	20	8.50
	初中	56	23.70
	高中/中专	74	31.40
	大专及以上	86	36.40
家庭月收入/元	<5000	68	28.80
	5000~10000	93	39.40
	>10000	75	31.80
是否主要照护者	否	41	17.40
是否主要照护者	是	195	82.60

类别	AIC	BIC	aBIC	熵值	LMRT	BLRT	类别概率
模型1	2543.553	2578.191	2546.495				1
模型2	1950.795	2006.217	1955.503	0.897	<0.001	<0.001	0.602/0.398
模型3	1725.686	1801.891	1732.159	0.900	<0.001	<0.001	0.226/0.413/0.361
模型4	1667.763	1764.751	1676.001	0.883	0.148	<0.001	0.318/0.161/0.174/0.347
模型5	1568.029	1685.799	1578.032	0.904	0.286	<0.001	0.110/0.284/0.242/0.119/0.246

类别	名称	n（%）	命名依据
类别1	低弹性-消极应对型	52（22.0）	此亚型家长的心理弹性得分较低，在面对患儿哮喘时，容易产生焦虑、抑郁、无助等负面情绪。应对方式以消极应对为主，如对患儿的治疗缺乏信心、不积极配合医护人员的指导、在患儿发作时手足无措等。该亚型家长中文化程度较低、家庭经济状况较差的比例相对较高，患儿哮喘病情往往较为严重，发作频率较高。
类别2	中弹性-混合应对型	98（41.5）	这类家长的心理弹性处于中等水平。在应对方式上，既有积极应对的一面，如会关注患儿的症状变化，按时带患儿复诊；也存在一定的消极应对倾向，如在患儿病情反复时会出现焦虑情绪，偶尔会采取回避问题的方式。该亚型家长的年龄跨度较大，人口学特征和患儿病情情况较为多样。
类别3	高弹性-积极应对型	86（36.4）	此亚型家长在心理弹性量表上的得分较高，表现出较强的坚韧、力量和乐观精神。在应对方式上，更多地采用积极应对方式，如主动寻求医疗信息、与医护人员沟通、积极调整家庭生活方式以配合患儿治疗等。该亚型家长的文化程度相对较高，家庭经济状况较好，患儿哮喘发作频率较低、病情相对稳定。

变量	变量赋值
患儿性别	1=男；2=女
患儿年龄	1=≤6岁；2=7~14岁
哮喘病程	1=<1年；2=1~3年；3=>3年
发作频率	1=每月≥4次；2=每月2~3次；3=每月<2次
哮喘严重程度	1=轻度；2=中度；3=重度
家长身份	1=父亲；2=母亲
家长年龄	1=25~35岁；2=36~45岁；3=>45岁
家长文化程度	1=小学及以下；2=初中；3=高中/中专；4=大专及以上
家庭月收入	1=<5000元；2=5 000~10000元；3=>10000元
是否为主要照护者	0=否；1=是

类型	变量	β	SE	Z值	P	OR	95%CI
中弹性-混合应对型
	患儿性别	-0.106	0.497	0.213	0.832	0.900	0.340~2.384
	患儿年龄	0.846	0.581	1.457	0.145	2.331	0.747~7.277
	哮喘病程	-0.381	0.351	1.085	0.278	0.683	0.343~1.360
	发作频率	-1.060	0.401	2.641	0.008	0.346	0.158~0.761
	哮喘严重程度	-0.109	0.377	0.288	0.773	0.897	0.429~1.877
	家长身份（母亲对父亲）	-0.146	0.502	0.290	0.772	0.864	0.323~2.313
	家长年龄	-0.088	0.451	0.196	0.845	0.915	0.378~2.217
	家长文化程度	0.583	0.261	2.235	0.025	1.791	1.074~2.986
	家庭月收入	0.884	0.335	2.641	0.008	2.420	1.256~4.663
	是否主要照护者	0.733	0.361	2.305	0.011	2.001	1.074~3.586
高弹性-积极应对型
	患儿性别	-0.274	0.509	0.538	0.590	0.760	0.280~2.062
	患儿年龄	1.408	0.577	2.442	0.015	4.088	1.320~12.662
	哮喘病程	-1.105	0.362	3.054	0.002	0.331	0.163~0.673
	发作频率	-1.463	0.406	3.607	<0.001	0.232	0.105~0.513
	哮喘严重程度	-0.141	0.376	0.374	0.708	0.869	0.416~1.815
	家长身份（母亲对父亲）	-0.028	0.515	0.055	0.956	0.972	0.354~2.668
	家长年龄	0.304	0.427	0.712	0.476	1.356	0.587~3.134
	家长文化程度	0.538	0.249	2.158	0.031	1.712	1.051~2.789
	家庭月收入	0.984	0.336	2.929	0.003	3.025	1.156~9.236
	是否主要照护者	1.794	0.542	3.310	0.001	3.304	1.049~10.372

哮喘患儿家长心理弹性与应对方式的潜在剖面分析及影响因素研究

A study on the latent profile analysis of psychological resilience and coping styles of parents of children with asthma and its influencing factors

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