1990—2023年中国儿童和青少年泌尿系统疾病负担研究

doi:10.12372/jcp.2026.25e1478

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To assess the disease burden and long-term trends of six major urinary system diseases among children and adolescents under 20 years in China from 1990 to 2023, and to quantify the driving effects of demographic and epidemiological factors. Methods Data on the number of incident cases, incidence rates, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and DALY rates for the Chinese population under 20 years old from 1990 to 2023 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2023. Descriptive statistics and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) derived from Joinpoint regression models were employed to analyze temporal trends. A demographic decomposition method was applied to quantify the contributions of changes in age structure, population size, and age-specific rates to the changes in DALYs. Results From 1990 to 2023, the overall incidence rate of urinary system diseases in China's population under 20 years declined from 384.70 to 285.38 per 100,000, and the overall DALY rate decreased from 160.82 to 39.81 per 100,000. Significant shifts were observed in the disease spectrum. Urinary tract infections and interstitial nephritis remained the most common conditions (accounting for 68.70% of incidence in 2023), whereas chronic kidney disease (48.61%) and kidney cancer (26.03%) constituted the primary sources of DALY burden. The distribution of diseases exhibited distinct age and sex patterns. Decomposition analysis indicated that for all diseases except congenital genitourinary anomalies, the reduction in DALYs was predominantly attributable to improvements in epidemiological factors, with contribution rates ranging from 58.10% to 83.94%. Conclusions The burden of urinary system diseases among children and adolescents in China decreased markedly between 1990 and 2023, largely driven by public health initiatives and advances in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Future prevention and control strategies should prioritize the evolving disease spectrum and implement precise interventions targeting key populations, such as adolescent females, adolescent males, and infants.

Key words: urinary system diseases, disease burden, temporal trend, decomposition analysis, children and adolescents

CLC Number:

GU Xinjia, ZHENG Zhihui, MEI Lingli, ZHENG Jinxin, LIU Taixiang, ZHU Jihua. Burden of urinary system diseases in children and adolescents in China, 1990-2023[J].Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 2026, 44(6): 546-555.

Figures/Tables 6

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References 37

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项目	1990年		2023年		1990—2023年
项目	发病人数	发病率/10万	发病人数	发病率/10万	发病人数总变化百分比(%)
总体	1 711 739 (1 264 132~2 314 199)	384.70 (284.10~520.09)	949 361 (709 979~1 280 017)	285.38 (213.42~384.78)	-44.54 (-69.32~1.26)
性别
女性	1 129 910 (837 315~1 510 942)	527.88 (391.18~705.89)	643 485 (475 565~861 497)	413.95 (305.93~554.19)	-43.05 (-68.53~2.89)
男性	581 829 (405 311~826 316)	251.97 (175.53~357.85)	305 875 (221 736~423 163)	172.61 (125.13~238.79)	-47.43 (-73.17~4.40)
疾病亚型
急性肾小球肾炎	85 998 (57 998~120 006)	19.33 (13.03~26.97)	29 786 (22 664~39 534)	8.95 (6.81~11.88)	-65.36 (-71.63~-57.02)
慢性肾脏病	86 827 (68 685~104 538)	19.51 (15.44~23.49)	58 281 (47 608~69 814)	17.52 (14.31~20.99)	-32.88 (-37.61~-28.17)
肾癌	5 378 (3 582~7 037)	1.21 (0.80~1.58)	4 389 (3 222~6 629)	1.32 (0.97~1.99)	-18.39 (-46.43~28.22)
尿路感染和间质性肾炎	1 023 471 (816 506~1 296 959)	230.02 (183.50~291.48)	652 114 (506 673~856 995)	196.03 (152.31~257.62)	-36.28 (-40.06~-31.45)
先天性泌尿生殖系统异常	153 936 (111 079~206 676)	34.60 (24.96~46.45)	51 786 (37 305~70 466)	15.57 (11.21~21.18)	-66.36 (-68.58~-64.11)
尿石症	356 130 (206 282~578 982)	80.04 (46.36~130.12)	153 005 (92 507~236 578)	45.99 (27.81~71.12)	-57.04 (-63.24~-48.28)

项目	1990年		2023年		1990—2023年
项目	DALYs	DALY率 /10万	DALYs	DALY率/10万	DALYs总变化百分比(%)
总体	715 577 (487 193~1 024 664)	160.82 (109.49~230.28)	132 422 (96 241~183 923)	39.81 (28.93~55.29)	-81.49 (-90.61~-62.25)
性别
女性	340 720 (205 315~528 520)	159.18 (95.92~246.92)	60 672 (39 047~94 372)	39.03 (25.12~60.71)	-82.19 (-92.61~-54.04)
男性	374 857 (216 713~607 668)	162.34 (93.85~263.16)	71 750 (47 891~106 089)	40.49 (27.02~59.87)	-80.86 (-92.12~-51.05)
疾病亚型
急性肾小球肾炎	123 045 (67 339~210 468)	27.65 (15.13~47.30)	8 039 (4 403~13 127)	2.42 (1.32~3.95)	-93.47 (-96.76~-86.49)
慢性肾脏病	392 238 (282 206~525 309)	88.15 (63.42~118.06)	64 370 (48 518~83 484)	19.35 (14.58~25.10)	-83.59 (-89.56~-76.17)
肾癌	88 024 (62 564~108 634)	19.78 (14.06~24.41)	34 473 (26 861~49 537)	10.36 (8.07~14.89)	-60.84 (-71.50~-45.56)
尿路感染和间质性肾炎	51 001 (39 514~62 584)	11.46 (8.88~14.07)	5 451 (4 551~6 457)	1.64 (1.37~1.94)	-89.31 (-91.84~-85.58)
先天性泌尿生殖系统异常	45 847 (24 854~94 931)	10.30 (5.59~21.33)	18 926 (11 122~29 568)	5.69 (3.34~8.89)	-58.72 (-74.55~-42.44)
尿石症	15 421 (10 715~22 737)	3.47 (2.41~5.11)	1 165 (785~1 749)	0.35 (0.24~0.53)	-92.45 (-94.68~-88.83)

Burden of urinary system diseases in children and adolescents in China, 1990-2023

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