临床儿科杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 17-24.doi: 10.12372/jcp.2025.25e0342

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

儿童重症肺炎支原体肺炎合并心脏内血栓的临床特征与预后:一项单中心回顾性研究

陈丹1, 任佳营1, 孙利芳2, 魏郑虎3, 孙晓敏1()   

  1. 1.郑州大学附属儿童医院 河南省儿童医院郑州儿童医院 呼吸科(河南郑州 450018)
    2.郑州大学附属儿童医院 河南省儿童医院郑州儿童医院 医学影像科(河南郑州 450018)
    3.郑州大学附属儿童医院 河南省儿童医院郑州儿童医院 超声医学科 (河南郑州 450018)
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-03 录用日期:2025-07-11 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-01-05
  • 通讯作者: 孙晓敏 电子信箱:13513892805@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    河南省医学科技攻关联合共建项目(LHGJ20220724)

Clinical features and prognosis of severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia combined with intracardiac thrombus in children: a single-center retrospective study

CHEN Dan1, REN Jiaying1, SUN Lifang2, WEI Zhenghu3, SUN Xiaomin1()   

  1. 1. Respiratory Department, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, Henan, China
    2. Medical Imaging Department, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, Henan, China
    3. Ultrasound Medicine Department, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, Henan, China
  • Received:2025-04-03 Accepted:2025-07-11 Published:2026-01-15 Online:2026-01-05

摘要:

目的 探讨儿童重症肺炎支原体肺炎(SMPP)合并心脏内血栓的临床特征、治疗及预后情况。方法 回顾性分析2020年1月至2024年5月医院收治的19例SMPP合并心脏内血栓患儿的临床资料。结果 19例患儿中,男13例,女6例,年龄8(7~10)岁,均有发热、咳嗽,11例(57.89%)同时存在其他部位栓塞。实验室检查C反应蛋白(CRP) 58.91(25.62~98.19) mg/L,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)559(442~791) U/L,D-二聚体 6.06(3.44~7.52) mg/L。中位确诊时间在病程第12(10~17)天,均经超声心动图检出,其中血栓位于右心室14例(73.69%)。6例患儿因合并休克、血栓较大(直径>30 mm),或心脏内同时存在多个栓子且有脱落风险直接行手术治疗。13例患儿初始给予抗凝治疗,7例治疗后血栓体积明显缩小;其中1例治疗初期发生栓子脱落,5例抗凝无效转为手术取栓治疗。11例手术治疗患儿术后随访3~5个月均未出现新发血栓或心脏后遗症,8例未行手术治疗的患儿中除1例失访、1例栓子脱落,其余6例患儿血栓均在3个月内完全消失。结论 SMPP合并心脏内血栓的患儿临床表现无特异性且存在栓子脱落风险,建议在病程1~2周内动态监测超声心动图及D-二聚体水平。早期抗凝或手术干预,患儿预后良好,但需结合血栓特征及血流动力学状态制定个体化治疗方案。

关键词: 儿童, 肺炎支原体, 肺炎, 心脏内, 血栓

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the clinical features, therapeutic strategies, and outcomes in pediatric patients with severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP) complicated by intracardiac thrombosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical records of 19 children diagnosed with SMPP and concurrent intracardiac thrombosis admitted between January 2020 and May 2024. Results Among the 19 children, 13 were boys and 6 were girls, with a median age of 8 (7-10) years. All children presented with fever and cough, and 11 (57.89%) exhibited additional extracardiac thrombotic events. Laboratory findings revealed elevated levels of C-reactive protein 58.91 (25.62-98.19) mg/L, lactate dehydrogenase 559 (442-791) U/L, and D - dimer 6.06 (3.44-7.52) mg/L. The median time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 12 (10-17) days, with all thrombi identified via echocardiography; the majority (n=14, 73.69%) were located in the right ventricle. Six patients underwent immediate surgical intervention due to hemodynamic instability (shock), large thrombus size (diameter>30 mm), or presence of multiple mobile thrombi with high embolic risk. Thirteen patients initially received anticoagulation therapy; seven showed marked reduction in thrombus burden, while one experienced embolization during early treatment and five required conversion to surgical thrombectomy due to inadequate response. During follow-up (3-5 months), none of the 11 surgically treated patients developed new thromboses or cardiac complications. Among the 8 non-surgical cases, 6 achieved complete thrombus resolution within 3 months, while one patient was lost to follow-up and one experienced embolization.Conclusion Pediatric SMPP with intracardiac thrombosis presents with nonspecific symptoms and carries a significant risk of systemic embolization. Dynamic monitoring of echocardiography and D-dimer levels during the first 1-2 weeks of illness is recommended for early detection. Prompt anticoagulant or surgical management is associated with favorable outcomes; however, therapeutic decisions should be individualized based on thrombus morphology, hemodynamic status, and embolic risk.

Key words: child, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, pneumonia, intracardiac, thrombus

中图分类号: 

  • R72