上海市不同胎龄新生儿出生体重曲线：一项基于2004—2023年全人群数据的回顾性研究

doi:10.12372/jcp.2026.25e1646

临床儿科杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (7): 651-659.doi: 10.12372/jcp.2026.25e1646

• 公共卫生与流行病学研究 • 上一篇下一篇

上海市不同胎龄新生儿出生体重曲线：一项基于2004—2023年全人群数据的回顾性研究

高雨霏¹^,²^,^*, 钱耐思¹^,^*, 晋珊¹, 杨之雨¹, 陆慧萍³, 宋花玲⁴, 吴骋², 虞慧婷¹()

¹ 上海市疾病预防控制中心监测预警所（上海 201107)
² 海军军医大学卫生勤务系（上海 200433)
³ 上海市松江区疾病预防控制中心(上海 201620)
⁴ 上海中医药大学公共健康学院(上海 201203)

收稿日期:2025-12-24 修回日期:2026-03-02 录用日期:2026-05-19 出版日期:2026-07-15 发布日期:2026-07-12
通讯作者: 虞慧婷 E-mail:yuhuiting@scdc.sh.cn
作者简介:第一联系人：*
具有同等贡献
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(82003486);上海市“科技创新行动计划”技术标准项目(22DZ2206000);上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划（2023-2025年）重点学科建设项目(GWVI-11.1-31);松江区科技攻关项目(2023SJKJGG022)

Newborn birth weight curves for different gestational ages in Shanghai : a retrospective study based on population data from 2004 to 2023

GAO Yufei¹^,²^,^*, QIAN Naisi¹^,^*, JIN Shan¹, YANG Zhiyu¹, LU Huiping³, SONG Hualing⁴, WU Cheng², YU Huiting¹()

¹ Institute of Disease Control and Prevention Information, Shanghai Municipal Center For Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 201107, China
² Department of Health Services, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
³ Shanghai Songjiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201620, China
⁴ School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China

Received:2025-12-24 Revised:2026-03-02 Accepted:2026-05-19 Published:2026-07-15 Online:2026-07-12
Contact: YU Huiting E-mail:yuhuiting@scdc.sh.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的基于全人群监测，分析上海市新生儿出生体重状况，制定适用于上海市的新生儿出生体重标准，绘制不同胎龄新生儿出生体重曲线。方法基于上海市出生登记系统，收集2004—2023年单胎新生儿出生数据。新生儿生后12 h内测量裸身体重，胎龄由母亲末次月经、孕早期超声及出生后胎龄评分综合判定。采用基于位置、尺度、形状广义可加模型拟合胎龄24~42周不同性别新生儿体重曲线，蠕虫图和残差图分别用于局部与整体拟合诊断。依据赤池信息准则与Schwarz贝叶斯准则最小化原则，确定基于广义可加位置尺度形状模型，采用Box-Cox t分布（BCT）结合惩罚B样条（pb）平滑为最优模型，并与2022年全国标准进行比较。结果共收集3 531 063名新生儿信息，经纳排标准筛选后，共3 338 459例新生儿纳入分析，其中男1 762 721例（52.8%），女1 575 738例（47.2%），男女比例为1.12，平均出生体重为（3 334.66±450.84）g，其中男性平均体重为（3 383.98±457.10）g女性平均出生体重为（3 279.49±437.19）g。建立上海市胎龄24~42周不同性别新生儿出生体重曲线。结果显示，随着胎龄增加，男女新生儿出生体重均持续增长，38周前增速显著，38周后增速明显放缓；男性始终高于女性，且性别差异随胎龄增大而扩大。与全国标准相比，总体趋势一致，但上海市新生儿在胎龄24~40周的体重均明显高于全国标准，而41周以后则低于全国标准。结论本研究为制定适用于上海市新生儿的不同胎龄男、女性出生体重标准提供参考，反映上海市新生儿宫内生长水平的特征，揭示上海与全国标准在不同胎龄段的差异，为儿科临床诊断出生体重异常及评估新生儿的生长发育提供参考依据。

关键词: 出生体重, 生长曲线, 百分位数, 新生儿

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the birth weight status of newborns in Shanghai based on population-wide surveillance, establish a birth weight standard applicable to Shanghai, and construct birth weight curves for newborns at different gestational ages. Method Data on singleton births from 2004 to 2023 were collected from the Shanghai Birth Registration System. Newborns were weighed naked within 12 hours after birth, and gestational age was determined based on the mother's last menstrual period, first-trimester ultrasound, and postnatal gestational age assessment. A generalized additive model for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS) was used to fit birth weight curves for newborns of both sexes at 24-42 weeks of gestation. Worm plots and residual plots were employed for local and global fit diagnostics, respectively. The optimal model, determined by minimizing the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Schwarz Bayesian Criterion (SBC), was the Box-Cox t distribution combined with penalized B-spline smoothing. The results were compared with the 2022 national standard. Result A total of 3,531,063 newborns were initially included, and after applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, 3,338,459 newborns were analyzed : males 1,762,721 (52.8%) and females 1,575,738 (47.2%), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.12. The mean birth weight was 3334.66 ± 450.84 g (3 383.98 ± 457.10 g for males and 3 279.49 ± 437.19 g for females). Birth weight curves for newborns of both sexes at 24-42 weeks of gestation were established for Shanghai. The results showed that birth weight increased continuously with gestational age for both sexes, with significant growth before 38 weeks and a marked slowdown thereafter. Males consistently had higher birth weights than females, and the sex-based difference widened with advancing gestational age. Compared with the national standard, the overall trend was similar, but Shanghai newborns had significantly higher birth weights at 24-40 weeks, whereas weights at ≥41 weeks were lower than the national standard. Conclusion This study establishes sex-specific birth weight standards for newborns in Shanghai at different gestational ages, reflecting the characteristics of intrauterine growth levels in Shanghai. It highlights differences between Shanghai and national standards across gestational age ranges, providing a reference for clinical diagnosis of abnormal birth weight and assessment of neonatal growth and development.

Key words: birth weight, growth curves, percentiles, neonates

中图分类号:

高雨霏, 钱耐思, 晋珊, 杨之雨, 陆慧萍, 宋花玲, 吴骋, 虞慧婷. 上海市不同胎龄新生儿出生体重曲线：一项基于2004—2023年全人群数据的回顾性研究[J]. 临床儿科杂志, 2026, 44(7): 651-659.

GAO Yufei, QIAN Naisi, JIN Shan, YANG Zhiyu, LU Huiping, SONG Hualing, WU Cheng, YU Huiting. Newborn birth weight curves for different gestational ages in Shanghai : a retrospective study based on population data from 2004 to 2023[J]. Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 2026, 44(7): 651-659.

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胎龄	男		女		合计	构成比/%
胎龄	例数	构成比/%	例数	构成比/%	合计	构成比/%
24周	52	0.0029	29	0.0018	81	0.0024
25周	105	0.0060	86	0.0055	191	0.0057
26周	248	0.0141	179	0.0114	427	0.0128
27周	460	0.0261	387	0.0246	847	0.0254
28周	1 075	0.0610	806	0.0512	1 881	0.0563
29周	1 398	0.0793	1 119	0.0710	2 517	0.0754
30周	1 970	0.1118	1 365	0.0866	3 335	0.0999
31周	2 634	0.1494	1 833	0.1163	4 467	0.1338
32周	3 833	0.2174	2 846	0.1806	6 679	0.2001
33周	5 729	0.3250	4 150	0.2634	9 879	0.2959
34周	10 731	0.6088	7 594	0.4819	18 325	0.5489
35周	19 141	1.0859	14 087	0.8940	33 228	0.9953
36周	42 112	2.3890	32 593	2.0684	74 705	2.2377
37周	130 370	7.3960	99 134	6.2913	229 504	6.8745
38周	407 141	23.0973	333 186	21.1448	740 327	22.1757
39周	567 142	32.1742	509 274	32.3197	1 076 416	32.2429
40周	410 235	23.2728	402 821	25.5640	813 056	24.3542
41周	143 756	8.1553	149 878	9.5116	293 634	8.7955
42周	14 589	0.8276	14 371	0.9120	28 960	0.8675
合计	1 762 721	100	1 575 738	100	3 338 459	100

胎龄	P₃	P₁₀	P₂₅	P₅₀	P₇₅	P₉₀	P₉₇
24周	554	637	696	751	815	906	1 104
25周	638	725	794	862	940	1 041	1 224
26周	717	817	900	986	1 083	1 200	1 388
27周	779	898	1 000	1 107	1 226	1 365	1 572
28周	837	980	1 104	1 235	1 377	1 539	1 769
29周	900	1 066	1 211	1 363	1 527	1 706	1 947
30周	991	1 181	1 348	1 522	1 705	1 902	2 157
31周	1 116	1 328	1 514	1 709	1 913	2 127	2 399
32周	1 271	1 500	1 703	1 915	2 136	2 364	2 643
33周	1 454	1 694	1 908	2 133	2 365	2 600	2 882
34周	1 669	1 916	2 136	2 368	2 607	2 848	3 136
35周	1 907	2 157	2 382	2 620	2 865	3 109	3 396
36周	2 146	2 395	2 624	2 870	3 121	3 369	3 652
37周	2 411	2 644	2 868	3 113	3 368	3 617	3 895
38周	2 648	2 861	3 074	3 315	3 568	3 815	4 084
39周	2 765	2 972	3 184	3 427	3 682	3 930	4 196
40周	2 838	3 053	3 273	3 523	3 785	4 036	4 304
41周	2 896	3 118	3 342	3 595	3 859	4 110	4 377
42周	2 810	3 054	3 302	3 583	3 877	4 159	4 461

胎龄	P₃	P₁₀	P₂₅	P₅₀	P₇₅	P₉₀	P₉₇
24周	505	586	646	703	765	844	982
25周	601	691	761	830	905	996	1 140
26周	655	755	836	918	1 006	1 109	1 264
27周	704	824	923	1 024	1 133	1 260	1 445
28周	756	898	1 019	1 145	1 281	1 436	1 658
29周	821	983	1 123	1 270	1 429	1 607	1 854
30周	921	1 105	1 266	1 436	1 619	1 822	2 100
31周	1 040	1 243	1 423	1 614	1 820	2 046	2 350
32周	1 186	1 400	1 595	1 806	2 033	2 275	2 586
33周	1 366	1 591	1 799	2 025	2 264	2 513	2 819
34周	1 573	1 811	2 031	2 267	2 514	2 766	3 067
35周	1 817	2 061	2 286	2 526	2 776	3 026	3 319
36周	2 066	2 304	2 525	2 764	3 012	3 259	3 544
37周	2 313	2 538	2 754	2 993	3 243	3 491	3 773
38周	2 551	2 755	2 960	3 193	3 440	3 684	3 955
39周	2 668	2 865	3 066	3 299	3 548	3 792	4 060
40周	2 741	2 945	3 154	3 394	3 648	3 894	4 158
41周	2 802	3 012	3 227	3 470	3 725	3 970	4 233
42周	2 718	2 951	3 186	3 451	3 730	4 003	4 301

上海市不同胎龄新生儿出生体重曲线：一项基于2004—2023年全人群数据的回顾性研究

Newborn birth weight curves for different gestational ages in Shanghai : a retrospective study based on population data from 2004 to 2023

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