Abstract:

Objective The caregiving ability and coping level of parents are key factors influencing the control effect of childhood asthma, and parents' psychological resilience significantly affects their coping styles, which in turn has a significant impact on the control of childhood asthma. This study focuses on the potential subtypes and influencing factors of psychological resilience and coping styles of parents of children with asthma, and explores possible paths to further improve asthma control by improving parents' psychological resilience and coping styles. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted between February and June 2025, enrolling 236 parents of children with asthma via convenience sampling from a pediatric outpatient department. Data were collected using a general demographic questionnaire, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed to empirically derive homogeneous subgroups based on resilience and coping scores. Multinomial logistic regression was then used to identify factors associated with subgroup membership, with the low resilience-negative coping subtype as the reference category. Results The psychological resilience and coping styles of parents of children with asthma can be classified into three types: low resilience - negative coping (22.0%), medium resilience - mixed coping (41.5%), and high resilience - positive coping (36.4%). The logistic regression analysis results showed that the significant influencing factors for the medium resilience - mixed coping type were parents' educational level (OR=1.791, 95%CI: 1.074-2.986), family monthly income (OR=2.420, 95%CI:1.256-4.663), whether they were the main caregivers (OR=2.001, 95%CI:1.074-3.586), and the frequency of attacks (OR=0.346, 95%CI:0.158-0.761). In the high resilience - positive coping type, the significant influencing factors were the age of the child (OR=4.088, 95%CI:1.320-12.662), parents' educational level (OR=1.712, 95%CI:1.051-2.789), family monthly income (OR=3.025, 95%CI:1.156-9.236), whether they were the main caregivers (OR=3.304, 95%CI:1.049-10.372), and the duration of asthma (OR=0.331, 95%CI:0.163-0.673) and the frequency of attacks (OR=0.232, 95%CI:0.105-0.513). Conclusions Parental psychological resilience and coping styles exhibit substantial heterogeneity among families of children with asthma. Targeted interventions—tailored to parental education level, household resources, caregiving role, and disease burden (exacerbation frequency, duration)—may enhance parental adaptive coping and resilience, thereby improving asthma control in children.

Key words: asthma, parents, latent profile, influencing factors, child